Chapter 6 Study Questions and answers
The American Revolution
1. What were Patrick Henry's famous words spoken in March 1775, about liberty and death?
• “Give me liberty, or give me death”
2. Who led the Green Mountain Boys? What fort did they capture? Why?
• A. Ethan Allen – Green Mountain Boys (Green Mountains, Vermont)
• B. Fort Ticonderoga
• C. They needed to capture the fort because of the cannons the fort had that American colonists needed
3. How did colonists try to patch up the quarrel with Britain in 1775?
• Colonists sent George III the Olive Branch Petition (ask King to repeal the Intolerable Acts and end the fighting)
4. What were two advantages and two disadvantages the British had in the Revolution?
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
• Advantages – 1) British army disciplined and experienced 2) Strong navy
• Disadvantages – 1) fighting far from home 2) risked attack by colonists once they marched out of the cities into the countryside
5. What took place at the Battle of Bunker Hill?
• A. Colonel Prescott (Am.) – took position on Bunker Hill, Charlestown. (Able to fire on British ships in harbor.
• B. Starting digging trenches (Breed’s Hill)
• C. William Howe (British) – spotted Americans. Americans waited in trenches watching British struggle up the hill
• D. Americans told “ Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes” (Why)
• E. Twice the British were forced to retreat
• F. Third time British made it over the hill. British won at Bunker Hill
What were the results?
• Results: Battle showed America would not collapse at the first sound of battle. However Britain would not be easily defeated
6. Why was the American attempt to capture Canada failure?
• 1. French Canadians decide not to help Americans
• 2. Americans were starving and sick
• 3. snow storm
7. Who wrote Common Sense? Why did the pamphlet stir up the colonies?
• A. Thomas Paine
• B. It answered the colonist’s worries about breaking with Britain (too long for colonists to communicate with England, and already at war)
8. What group of men were appointed to draw up a declaration of independence?
• John Adams
• Benjamin Franklin
• Thomas Jefferson
• Robert Livingston
• Roger Sherman
Who actually wrote the Declaration of Independence?
• Thomas Jefferson
9. Briefly describe the three parts of the Declaration of Independence.
• 1st – explains basic rights (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness)
• 2nd – listed the wrongs committed by Britain
• 3rd – declares the colonies had become “The United States of America”
10. Who were the Loyalists? Who were the Patriots?
• Loyalists – people who stayed loyal to the king
• Patriots – people who supported independence
11. Identify Nathan Hale. What was the famous statement he made before he was killed?
• A. Offered to go behind British lines. He got information, but was captured. Tried and condemned to death.
• B. “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country”
12. Washington's army lost the battle for New York but won victories at Trenton and Princeton. Describe the attack on Trenton.
• Christmas night Washington led troops across the Delaware. They marched across the snow. On Dec. 26, the Americans surprised the Hessian troops and took them prisoners
13. What was General Burgoyne's plan to win the war?
• He said that if the British could cut off New England from the other colonies- Britain would win the war. His plan was to have three British armies march on Albany from different directions. Britain would then control Canada to New England. King approved and sent General Howe to take Philadelphia
15. What foreign countries sent leaders and supplies to American troops at Valley Forge?
• France
• Spain
• Poland
• Prussia
16. Why did Native Americans join the British against the white settlers?
• The reason the Indians joined the British was to protect their homes against white settlers
17. Who was John Paul Jones?
• John Paul Jones – An American captain that fought in the most famous sea battle of the war. Known for saying “I have not yet begun to fight” He jumped on the British ship – won in hand - hand combat.
18. What two minority groups would lend their support to the Patriot cause?
• African-Americans
• Women
19. Why was Benedict Arnold called a traitor?
• Because he went to the British side by offering the for at West Point. However, the offer was intercepted and West Point was saved.
20. Who was the "Swamp Fox"?
• Francis Marion – “Swamp Fox” because he would appear from the swamp attack British and retreat
21. What were two American generals helped the Patriots to victory in the South?
• Daniel Morgan
• Nathaniel Greene
22. What was the final battle of the Revolution? Describe it
• Yorktown- Cornwallis forced to pull back troops to Yorktown. Cornwallis felt safe because he counted on the British navy to supply his troops. However, with the help of the French- the Americans boxed in the British army. Cornwallis surrendered after three weeks
23. Who was sent to Paris to begin peace talks?
• Benjamin Franklin
• John Adams
• John Jay
• Henry Laurens
24. Give three parts of the Treaty of Paris, 1783.
• 1. recognized the U.S. as a free and independent nation
• 2. recognized borders from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River
• 3. Americans agreed to pay Loyalists for the property they lost during the war
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