Test on Chapter 5 will be on Friday

Homework:

Journal entry
How might your life be different if France, not England, had won the French and Indian War?
Entries should be completed for homework and turned in tomorrow.

Classroom notes from Chapter 5 Lesson 1 and 2
Chapter 5
Lesson 1
* Rivalry in North America

* At stake was more than control of the Ohio River Valley.

* France and England each hoped to drive the other nation out of North America altogether
Who competead for trade in the corners of the globe?
* England
* France
* Spain
* the Netherlands
How did the French protect their land claims?
built an extensive system of forts
Why was the Ohio River Valley so important to the French?
* it provided a vital link between their lands in Canada and the Mississippi River

* Native Americans decided that the only way to protect their way of life was to take sides in the struggle
Why did the French think that the Native Americans would fight on their side?
* most French were trappers not farmers like the English
* French did not destroy Indian hunting grounds by clearing forests for farms
* French trappers married Native American women and adopted their ways

* English settlers were mostly farm families
* They ignored Indian rights when they cleared land for crops
* did not respect Indian ways

Chapter 5 Lesson 2
The French and Indian War

The French and Indian War would forever change the balance of power in North America

English settlers called the conflict the French and Indian War because it pitted them against France and its Native American allies

Scuffles between France and Britain in the Ohio River valley triggered the opening shots of the French and Indian war.

Lieutenant Governor Dinwiddie wanted the French out of the Ohio River valley

He sent George Washington to deliver a letter warning the French to get of the Ohio River valley

When the French refused, he sent Washington and 150 men to build a fort where the Monogahela and Allegheny rivers meet.
* The French had already built Fort Duquesne where the rivers met
* Washington surprised the French with an early victory, but was then defeated at Fort Necessity
Albany Congress
* Delegates from seven colonies gathered in Albany, New York
* They met for two reasons
- Persuade the Iroquois to help them against the French
- To plan a united colonial defense


Albany Plan of Union
* Proposed by Benjamin Franklin
* Plan to create one general government for the 13 colonies
* Would be called the Grand Council and would be made up of members from each colony
* The council would make laws, raise taxes, and set up the defense of the colonies


* The delegates approved the plan
* The colonial assemblies did not approve it
* None of the colonies wanted to give up any of its powers to a central council
French strengths at the beginning of the war
* New France had a single government that could act quickly when necessary
* French had the support of many more Indian allies than the British did
British strengths at the beginning of the war
* Population of the English colonies was about 15 times greater that that of New France
* English colonies were clustered along the coast, so they were easier to defend that the widely scattered French settlements
* British had some Indian allies
* British navy ruled the seas

* During the next two years the war continued to go badly for the British
The Tide of Battle Turns
* William Pitt became the new head of the British government
* To encourage colonists to support the war, he promised large payments for military services and supplies
* In 1758, Amherst captures Louisburg
* British capture Fort Duquesne and renamed it Fort Pitt

Summer of 1759
* Pushed the French from Fort Niagara, Crown Point, and Fort Ticonderoga
* Pitt sent General Wolfe to take Quebec, capital of New France
* On September 17, 1759 Quebec surrendered to the British

* In 1760, the British took Montreal and the war in North America ended
* In 1763 Britain and France signed the Treaty of Paris, officially ending the long conflict
* The Treaty of Paris marked the end of French power in North America
Treaty of Paris
* Britain gained Canada and all French lands east of the Mississippi River
* France was allowed to keep two islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and islands in the West Indies
* Spain fought for France and had to give up Florida to Britain but received all French land west of the Mississippi River

Chapter 5 Study Guide

1. Define the following:
a. petitions
b. Joseph Brant
c. Writs of assistance
d. nonimportation agreements
e. Samuel Adams
f. William Pitt
g. Townshend Acts
h. Patrick Henry
i. Stamp Act
j. Intolerable Acts

2. In the 1700's who fought for power in North America?
3. What were the Intolerable Acts?
4. What was the Sugar Act?
5. How did France try to protect its claims in North America?
6. Which Native American group were allied with the French?
7. Why was the group The Sons and Daughters of Liberty organized?
8. Why did Chief Pontiac give up his war against the British?
9. What was the goal of the Tea Act?
10. Why did the colonists object to the Stamp Act?
11. Who fought the first battle of the French and Indian War?
12. Which event caused anti-British feelings?
13. How did colonists show their opposition to British taxes?
14. What event led to the Intolerable Acts?
15. Describe the following events and explain how each contributed to worsening relations between the colonists and Britain: (a) the Boston Massacre; (b) the Boston Tea Party; (c) the Intolerable Acts
16. What role did Native Americans play as France and Britain struggled for power in North America?
17. What was the French advantage in the French and Indian War?
18. What was the cause of the French and Indian War?
19. What was the Albany Plan of Union?
20. What was the turning point of the French and Indian War?
21. What did the colonists form to communicate news of mutual interest?
22. What were the Sons of Liberty dressed as when they boarded the British tea ships?
23. What states were the delegates from in the First continental Congress?
24. What did the Continental Congress advise each colony to do?
25. What event came immediately before the Intolerable Acts?
26. Who did the delegates from the First Continental Congress support?
27. In which colony did the conflict with the British grow violent?
28. Give two reasons why the British insisted on taxing the colonies.
29. Describe what led the British to issue the Proclamation of 1763.