ATTENTION: TEST IS ON FRIDAY
ALL QUESTIONS AND NOTES
CLASS REVIEW WILL BE ON THURSDAY

Notes from Wednesday

Chapter 18 Lesson 2
Age of Imperialism


The Scramble for Africa

* Europeans had been increasing their contact with the Africans since the 1400's
* Contact had been on the coast and Europeans knew nothing about Africa's interior

David Livingstone
* famous explorer,Scottish doctor and missionary
* arrived in Africa in 1841
* spent more than 30 years exploring the African interior
* kept a journal of in which he described the land and people he met


Traders wanted timber, rubber, and other raw materials from Africa.

They also wanted Africans to buy their goods

During the 1870's many European governments conquered the lands where they did business and set up colonies to protect their trade

Imperialism- European countries began to compete with one another to add more lands to their colonial empires.

Africa was divided up between 14 European nations. Africa did not have any representation when the land was divided.

British colonies in Africa
* ruled by indirect rule
* African officials were allowed to run their own communities
* British officials handled important matter that affected the whole colony as a whole


French and German colonies

* governed by direct rule
* European officials handled all colonial affairs

European officials ran the economy of each colony
The Europeans built mines, factories, and plantations
Workers were treated like slaves

Cash crops- crops raised to sell rather than to use at home
Crops were exported to markets in Europe

Why did the European countries build colonial empires in Africa?
For raw materials to fuel the Industrial Revolution and for a new market for their goods

Why might Africans not have liked the direct rule system set up by the French and Germans?
Because it did not give them any say in government; because they could not participate in their own government

Why might Africans have been unhappy with the indirect rule system of the British?
Because British officials who handled matters affecting the colony as a whole had the power to overturn decisions made by African officials for their communities

How did the African leaders respond when European countries came to take control?
Some gave into the charges, but others fought to keep their lands and their ways of life



Why do you think European countries wanted colonies in different parts of Africa?

To get a variety of raw materials, to spread their power over a large area, to have markets and ports in different locations

Why do you think Muslims so fiercely opposed the European powers?
Because most Europeans were Christians, and Muslims in Africa feared that the Europeans would want to convert Africans to Christianity or might not allow them to practice the Islamic faith freely

What does the East African leader say that makes it clear that the East Africans are serious about keeping their lands?
They are ready for war, if necessary; they would rather die in a fight than become German subjects

Egypt and the Suez Canal

By 1900 Britain controlled African lands from the Mediterranean coast to the southern tip of the continent
One of the most important was Egypt



Suez Canal
* Dug by the French engineers
* Dug through the Isthmus of Suez
* Connects northeastern Africa to western Asia
* Allows direct travel between the Mediterranean and Red Seas
* Shortens the sea route from Europe to Asia by several months
* Britain bought up all the shares of the canal and took control in 1857

Why did European nations show interest in Egypt after the building of the Suez Canal?
The canal in Egypt shortened the sea route from Europe to Asia, saving months of travel

Sepoys- Indian soldiers led by British officers

East India Company
* Brought British government and British ways to the lands it controlled
* Made agreements with the Indian princes to protect their business
* Took India's raw materials for British industry
* Sell British industrial goods in India




Great Mutiny
* Many Indians became angry about the East India Company's rule
* 1857 anger flared into rebellion
* sepoys and Indian people mutinied against the company
* British soldiers were sent to India and the Great Mutiny ended


How did the East India Company gain authority in India? Queen Elizabeth I gave the company the authority to control trade, which it protected through treaties and war
How did it lose that authority? The Great Mutiny ended that control

China

* Trade brought the western countries to China
* Trade came the port city of Guangzhou
* Did not want to learn western ways
* East India company wanted to open up all ports, so they had to offer China, they offered opium
* Opium is a dangerous habit forming drug made from the poppy plant



Opium War

* Between Britain and China
* 1839 the Chinese tried to stop the drug trade
* destroyed the British supplies of opium stored at Guangzhou
* used the gunboats to defeat the Chinese
* signed a treaty in 1842 giving the British trading rights


How did foreign powers come to control much of China?

* Taking advantage of the Chinese desire for opium gave Britain a foothold in China and special trading rights
* Soon other nations wanted the same trading rights
* The open door policy allowed Westerners to keep control

Study Questions due on Wednesday

Chapter 18 Lesson 2 Study Questions
Pages 542 - 547
1. Why did the European countries build colonial empires in Africa?
2. Why might Africans not have liked the dire3ct rule system set up by the French and Germans?
3. Why might Africans have been unhappy with the indirect rule system of the British?
4. Why do you think Muslims so fiercely opposed the European powers?
5. Why does the East African leader say that makes it clear that the East Africans are serious about keeping their lands?
6. How did African leaders respond when European countries came to take control?
7. Why do you think European countries wanted colonies in different parts of Africa?
8. Why did European nations show interest in Egypt after the building of the Suez Canal?
9. Why might the East India Company have decided to use Indian soldiers in its army?
10. Do you think it is surprising that the sepoys turned against the company? Why or why not?
11. Which country claimed the Philippines? What resources did it find there?
12. How did the East India Company gain authority in India? How did it lose that authority?
13. How did foreign powers come to control much of China?
14. Why do some nations try to control the governments and economies of other nations?

Read Chapter 18 Lesson 1 Notes
Complete Chapter 18 Lesson 1 Study Questions
Complete Lesson 1 Review

Chapter 18
Lesson 1
Rise of Nationalism

? Why do people today feel proud of their country?

? As you read, think about how people in the 1800?s began to develop a sense of belonging to a country

Nationalism Grows
? nationalism ? loyalty to a nation
? when people work together can promote nationalism
? a language, religion, or race can unite a people as a nation
? in some countries people have come together even though they seem to share very little

? the people of the United States have a variety of heritages, follow different religions, and are of different races.
? Still, they have a strong sense of belonging to a nation
? love of freedom defines the United States

How did the pride the French felt differ from the pride the Americans felt?
? The French were proud of working together to gain a greater voice in government;
? the Americans were proud of the new nation they had created

What brings together people of different backgrounds in the United States?
? a shared love of freedom

What conditions encourage the rise of nationalism?
? working together to solve a problem, geography, shared language or religion, and a common love of freedom

Italian Nationalism
? Italy experienced the rise of nationalism early, in the 1830?s
? Italy was a collection of separate states and kingdoms
? Catholic Church ruled Rome and the states around it
? Members of the Austrian and French royal families ruled the other small states

Giuseppe Mazzini
? leader of a group the separate states and kingdoms should unite to form a single nation
? founder of the nationalist group, Young Italy
? his goal was to unite Italy into one democratic republic governed by and for the Italian people

Giuseppe Garibaldi
? the heart of the Italian people
? joined Young Italy in 1834
? leader of several revolts
? lead a revolt and captured the Island of Sicily and freed much of Southern Italy

Count Camillo di Cavour
? chief minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
? united much of the northern part of Italy
? Cavour convinced Garibaldi to set up a kingdom of Italy
? King Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia became the first ruler of this new nation
? Italy became fully united when Emmanuel?s soldiers finally captured Rome

German Unification
? early 1800?s, Germany was a collection of separate states
? Since 1815 these states had been united in a confederation, or loose alliance, which had little authority

Otto von Bismarck
? chancellor of Prussia in 1862
? he said that the world was run ?not by speeches and decisions? but by ? iron and blood.?
? 1864 he declared war on Denmark
? then he attacked and defeated Austria

? King Wilhelm I of Prussia became the kaiser or emperor
? Bismarck became the chancellor of the empire

Bismarck worked hard to make Germany strong
? sponsored laws that gave help to industry
? took steps to build up the army and navy
? made Germany a leading power in Europe

Which area was the last to join Italy?
? Venetia

Which became part of the united nation first, southern Germany or northern Germany?
? northern Germany

How did Bismarck unite Germany?
? By defeating Denmark and Austria, he was able to unite the states into one empire

National Feeling Grows in Japan
? Japanese national pride grew out of concern over threats from other countries
? Mathew Perry forced the Japanese to open up their ports to the United States for trade
? 1868 the samurai overthrew the shogun and restored the emperor to power
? The emperor called his reign Meiji, this time in Japanese history is called the Meiji Restoration

What caused the rise of nationalism in Japan?
? fear of threats from other countries

How did the Japanese return to or restore, tradition during the Meiji Restoration?
? they brought back the emperor
? they did everything they could to ensure that the ?spirit of the old Japan? would not change
? they continued to follow Eastern ways

What are some reasons why people today feel proud of their country?






Chapter 18 Lesson 1
Study Questions
Page 534- 539


1. Why do you think a picture of a British queen is used to open a chapter of the growth of nationalism and imperialism?
2. How did the pride the French felt differ from the pride the Americans felt?
3. What brings together people of different backgrounds in the United States?
4. What conditions encourage the rise of nationalism?
5. Which area was the last to join Italy?
6. How did Mazzini, Garibaldi, and Cavour help unite Italy?
7. Which became part of the united nation first, southern Germany or northern Germany?
8. How did the Japanese return to, or restore, traditional during the Meiji Restoration?
9. How did Bismarck unite Germany?
10. What caused the rise of nationalism in Japan?
11. What are some reasons why people today feel proud of their country?

Homework
Read Chapter 18 Lesson 1 and 2

Define the following Vocabulary
from Chapter 18 lesson 1 and 2

1. nationalism
2. kaiser
3. imperialism
3. indirect rule
4. direct rule
5. cash crop
6. sepoy
7. Great Mutiny
8. Open Door policy
9. evaluate
10. fact
11. opinion
12. primary source
13. secondary source
14. bias

bring these words and definitions to class on Thursday
Vocabulary Test will be on Friday

Chapter 17 Test is Wednesday
Test includes lesson 1 and 3, questions and vocabulary

Chapter 17 Lesson 1
Questions and Answers

1.Why would an iron plow be better than a wooden plow?
? because an iron plow would be stronger, making it less likely to break

2.Why might it be said that if the flying shuttle had not been invented, the spinning jenny would not have been invented?
? with the flying shuttle, cloth could be woven so quickly that thread could no longer be spun fast enough; the spinning jenny was invented to spin thread faster

3. What new ways of farming did British farmers introduce?
? iron plows, seed drills, and crop rotation

4. How did new technology change the textile industry?
? the spinning frame, the power loom, and other new technology speeded up the production of cloth and created the need for factories

5. Why did Britain lead the way in the Industrial Revolution?
? Britain encouraged experimenting, it had many natural resources, its colonies provided many low-cost raw materials, and there was a growing demand for goods

6. Why did the invention of different types of machines increase after 1769?
? because the new machines used steam engines which had been perfected in 1769

7. Do you think the British could have led the Industrial Revolution of Britain had not had coal and iron?
? yes, because British colonies supplied important raw materials
? no, because coal was needed to run machines in the factories

8. What area had the greatest number of industries?
? the south around Manchester, Liverpool, and London

9. What was life like for working people during the Industrial Revolution?
? Long hours in the factories and other unhealthful working and living conditions made life difficult

10. What steps did the industrial countries take to find new markets and new sources of raw materials?
? established colonies in Asia and Africa and signed new trade agreements

11. Why did Britain and other industrial nations want more colonies?
? They needed new markets for their goods and new sources of raw materials

12. How can technology change people?s ways of life?
?

13. Name the inventions that shaped the Industrial Revolution.
? Crop rotation, flying shuttle, spinning jenny, steam engine, power loom, iron plow

14. Where did the Industrial Revolution start?
? Britain

15. Why did the British use crop rotation?
? to keep the soil fertile

16. What changes did the demand for wool have on the farmers? Why?
? forced them off of their land into the cities to find work in the factories

17. What was the flying shuttle?
? invented in 1733, made it possible to weave cloth twice as fast as on the old looms

18. What was the spinning jenny?
? one worker could spin eight threads at the same time

19. What event revolutionized the textile industry in 1769? Why?
? steam engine


Chapter 17 lesson 3
questions and answers
1. What might be considered a benefit of a traditional economy?
? People do not have to decide what to do for a living; they just follow in their parents footsteps

2. What problems might arise ina command economy?
? Individual workers might want more say about the direction of the economy; individual workers might want to earn more or pay less for goods

3. Do you think that the change in the makeup of the upper class was a positive development?
? Yes, because it opened the upper class to those who were not born into it

4. According to Adam Smith, how would capitalism benefit both owners and workers?
? the owners would make a profit and the workers would have jobs and wages

5. How were Europeans divided into social classes as the Industrial Revolution?
? wealthy landowners
? middle class workers
? factory and farm workers

6. Why did conflicts arise among the social classes in Europe?
? upper class looked down on the middle class
? the middle class claimed the upper class did nothing to earn its wealth
? the working class felt used by the middle class

7. Why do you think labor unions got results that workers had not been able to get before?
? because they organized large numbers of workers in a group and they could plan an carry out actions better and on a larger scale

8. What goal did Owen and Marx share?
? to live in a system in which all people were equal in position

9. Why was it unlikely that American workers would revolt?
? they could vote
? better off economically

10. What did utopians call for?
? small communities in which people would work together and share ownership and wealth equally

Finish Review Test Adv.

Periods 3- 7
Finish study Questions Chapter 17 Lesson 2 and 3
Start work on Chapter 17 Review

Chapter 17 Lesson 3
Study Questions
1. What might be considered a benefit of a traditional economy?
2. What problems might arise in a command economy?
3. Do you think that the change in the makeup of the upper class was a positive development? Why or why not?
4. According to Adam Smith how would capitalism benefit both owners and workers?
5. How were Europeans divided into social classes as the Industrial Revolution took hold?
6. Why did conflicts arise among the social classes Europe?
7. Why do you think labor unions got results that workers had not been able to get before?


TEST - Thursday
Chapter 17 Lesson 1, 3
Questions and Vocabulary
8. What goal did Owen and Marx share?
9. Why was it unlike that American workers would revolt?
10. What did utopians call for?
11. Why was there less class conflict in the United States than in Europe?
12. How can economic differences cause conflicts between people?

LSU TIGERS
NATIONAL CHAMPIONS
Chapter 17 Lesson 1
The Industrial Revolution
Focus
* How can technology change people's ways of life?
Main Idea
* As you read, look for ways the new technology of the Industrial Revolution changed life in Britain.
Industrial Revolution
* New technology brought about this new idea
* began in Britain
* changed the way people lived and worked
Changes in Agriculture
* mid 1700's British farmers began to use new technology
* wooden plows were replaced with iron plows
* instead of scattering seeds, farmers used a seed drill
* seed drill was invented by Jethro Tull

Crop rotation
* alternating the kind of crops planted in a field from year to year
* Different crops use different nutrients, the soil remains fertile
* Could plant farmland for a longer period of time

* the growing demand for wool brought about changes
* the wealthy farmers bought up many plots of land and forced the farmers off of the land
* the land was used for pasture grazing
* Farmers left the country side to look for work in the cities and towns
textile
cloth or cloth industry
Cottage industry
* families worked in their small homes, or cottages, to make cloth from cotton and wool supplied to them by a merchant
Flying shuttle
* made in 1733
* made it possible to weave cloth twice as fast as on the old looms
* they worked so well it was hard to get enough thread for them
Spinning jenny
* invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves
* one worker could spin eight threads at the same time


* Two other inventions, the spinning frame and the power loom, not only increased cloth production but also changed where the work was done
factories
* large buildings where goods are made
* workers were forced to move near these locations
* the large spinning and weaving machines depended o the power of running water
* early factories were built by fast flowing rivers
James Watt
* built an efficient steam engine
* steam became the power of the Industrial Revolution
Britain Leads the Way
* the Industrial Revolution began in Britain because of the inventors
* Britain had many natural resources, such as iron and coal
* iron was used to make machine parts
* coal was burned to run steam engines
* British colonies supplied industries with low -cost cotton, lumber, wool and other raw materials
* growing numbers of people in Britain and its colonies meant more goods were needed
patent
* a legal document guaranteeing that only the inventor has the right to make and sell the new idea or product
Raw materials
* used to manufacture goods
entrepreneur
* a person who takes a financial risk by putting up money to start a business

* The Industrial Revolution had made Britain the "workshop of the world"
* By 1851 Britain had more factories and more miles of railroad than any other country
* By 1851 the United States, Germany, Belgium, and France had also started to industrialize
* Economic success gave Britain and the other industrial nations new strength in dealing with other nations and peoples
* by 1900 Japan was having an industrial revolution

Chapter 17 Lesson 1 Study Questions
due on Tuesday 01-13

1. Why would an iron plow be better than a wooden plow?
2. Why might it be said that if the flying shuttle had not been invented, the spinning jenny would not have been invented?
3. What new ways of farming did British farmers introduce?
4. How did new technology change the textile industry?
5. Why did Britain lead the way in the Industrial Revolution?
6. Why did the invention of different types of machines increase after 1769?
7. Do you think the British could have led the Industrial Revolution of Britain had not coal and iron? Explain your answer.
8. What area had the greatest number of industries?
9. What was life like for working people during the Industrial Revolution?
10. What steps did the industrial countries take to find new markets and new sources of raw materials?
11. Why did Britain and other industrial nations want more colonies?
12. How can technology change people's ways of life?
13. Name the inventions that shaped the Industrial Revolution.
14. Where did the Industrial Revolution start?
15. Why did the British use crop rotation?
16. What changes did the demand for wool have on the farmers? Why?
17. What was the flying shuttle?
18. What was the spinning jenny?
19. What event revolutionized the textile industry in 1769? Why?
20. Describe, in detail, the cities during the Industrial Revolution.

Test Friday

Vocabulary Chapter 16 Lesson 1 and 2
Study Questions Chapter 16 Lesson 1 and 2