Classroom notes for Tuesday 09-21-04
I included the Daily Geography from the beginning of school. If you missed any, copy them into your notebooks under the section, Daily Geography.

New Direction for Europe
Chapter 13
Lesson 1
Rebirth of Ideas of Europe
Focus
* How might greater freedom for the individual help bring about an age of creative ideas?
Main Idea
* As you read, think about how changes in European thought encouraged individualism and creativity.
Renaissance
* a French word meaning "rebirth"
patron
* supporters of the arts
perspective
* A painting technique that shows the differences between things that are close and things that are far away`
Movable type
* Letters and numbers made from individual pieces of metal that can be positioned to form rows of words
telescope
* An instrument that can make faraway objects look close
gravity
* The force that holds objects to the Earth and keeps the planets circling around the sun
Scientific method
* A system of observing and experimenting to determine whether an idea should be accepted as true
The Renaissance begins in Italy
* Renaissance ideas first took hold in Italy
* Merchants brought back ideas about philosophy, science, geography, and technology
* These ideas inspired a new interest in learning
* City-states competed to become known as Europe's greatest center of learning

Which would you prefer?

* An assignment with strict instructions
* One in which you could use your own ideas
* When individuals are free to express themselves as they wish, they can be very creative
What economic developments contributed to the rebirth of ideas in Italy?
* Italian merchants and bankers had become rich from trade with the east and had wealth to give to artists and thinkers
Look on the map on page 430
* Which city-states controlled land that is not part of present-day Italy?
* The Duchy of Savoy, the Duchy of Milan, the Republic of Venice
What contributed to the rebirth of ideas in Italy?
* Ideas brought from the East by Italian merchants and a renewed interest in Greek and Roman ideas

* The Italian patrons supported scholars who believed in an idea unheard of during the Middle Ages --- the importance of the individual
* In the Middle Ages, scholarly thinking had focused on God and religion

* The study of the Greek and Roman works led the Renaissance scholars to a new way of thinking about the world
* They believed that people needed to understand how things worked
* The new way of thinking first appeared in literature

What was the relationship between Greek and Roman culture and Renaissance thinking?

* The study of ancient Greek and Roman works led to a new way of thinking about the world
Changes in Art
* Renaissance ideas about the importance of the individual also changed art and artists
Middle Ages
* Artists used only religious subjects
* Works looked formal and stiff
* Not respected
Renaissance artists
* Produced art that was far more lifelike and that showed both religious and nonreligious subjects
* Well respected
What Greek and Roman ideas do you recall that may have supported individualism in the Renaissance?
* Greeks ideas about democracy, a form of government in which individuals play a large role
* Roman ideas about the rights of individuals
What economic benefit did new views of artists have for the artists themselves?
* They received better pay
What effect do you think this had on their creativity?
* They became more creative, because they could create without worrying so much about how they would survive
How did art change during the Renaissance?
* Art became less formal and more lifelike
* Both religious and nonreligious subjects were shown
Leonardo da Vinci
* Scientist
* Engineer
* Inventor
* Had sketch of a flying machine
* Philosopher
* Writer
* Artist
* Mona Lisa
* The Last Supper- attention to detail amazing
Michelangelo Buonarroti
* Sculpture of David and Moses
* Painting of the Sistine Chapel
The Spread of Ideas
* Johannes Gutenberg
* Invented the movable type and the printing press
* William Shakespeare
* Greatest writer of England's Golden Age
* Wrote poems and plays

Look on page 433
Discussion of Gutenberg's printing press and movable type using the Multi-Flow Map to show Cause and Effect
Revolution in Science
* Nicolaus Copernicus
* 1500's presented calculations that showed the Earth revolves around the sun
* Galileo Galilei
* Proved Copernicus' theory
* Invented the telescope and proved that the Earth did indeed move around the sun
* Isaac Newton
* Wrote a book and introduced the gravity theory
* Explained how objects are controlled by gravity
Why was the Renaissance a good name for the age of learning?
* Because the word renaissance means "rebirth," and during the age of learning, old ideas were given a new live
In what ways did changes in European thought encourage individualism and creativity?
* The focus of scholarly thinking shifted form God and religion to the individual
What helped the new learning spread so quickly throughout Europe? What changes did this spread of ideas bring?
* Use of movable type for printing
* Increases in knowledge and desire for knowledge, greater volumes of literature
How might greater freedom of the individual help bring about an age of creative ideas?

DAILY GEOGRAPHYMake a section in your binder and label it Daily Geography copy the daily geography question into your binder each day
Today's question is:
1. From which continent did early people probably begin their global migration?
Use your book to answer this question, also put which theme of geography does it represent.
Daily Geography
* 2. By 12,000 years ago early people were living on every continent but one. Which one was that?
* Remember to use your book to answer and list which theme of geography it represents
Daily Geography

3. Near which type of natural feature were most of the earliest farming villages built?
Daily Geography

4. On which four of the sevens continents were the earliest farming areas developed?
Daily Geography

5. Between which two rivers is the Fertile Crescent?

* Tigris and Euphrates rivers
* Location
Daily Geography
6. In which present-day countries is much of the Fertile Crescent?

* Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Turkey
* Regions
Daily Geography
7.In which body of water do the Tigris and Euphrates rivers flow?

* Persian Gulf
* Movement
Daily Geography
8. Which mountains border the Fertile Crescent to the east?

* Zagros Mountains
* Place
Daily Geography
9. Which important resource used today is found in the southern part of the Fertile Crescent, near the Persian Gulf?

* Oil
* Relationship within places
Daily Geography
10. What is the capital of Iraq?

* Baghdad
* Place
Daily Geography
* Into which continent did the Assyrian Empire spread from lands in Asia?

* Africa
* Regions

* 12. Which body of waster links the people of Asia, Europe, and Africa?
* 13. In which present-day country is the land of the ancient Phoenicians?
* 14. Which city is the capital of Lebanon?
* 15. What natural resource, important to the ancient Phoenicians, is the symbol of the present-day country of Lebanon?
* 16. Moses led the Israelites from Egypt to Canaan across a large peninsula between the Red and Mediterranean seas. What is the name of this peninsula?

* 12. Mediterranean Sea
* Movement
* 13. Lebanon
* Location
* 14. Beirut
* Place
* 15. cedar tree
* Human-Environment Interaction
* 16. Sinai Peninsula
* Place

Homework:

Finish you Renaissance artist project, due on Tuesday, 09-21-04

Make sure you are finished with Chapter 13 lesson 1 study questions

Chapter 13 Lesson 1,2,and 3 Test is on Friday

Make sure you have completed Chapter 13 Lesson 1
Study Questions for Monday.

Tell your parents about our new CPS(Classroom Performance System)

Have fun this weekend!!! Go to the REBEL game!!!
GEAUX REBELS!!!!!

Chapter 12 Test has been moved to Thursday
The Test will cover all vocabulary and study questions for Chapter 12 Lesson 1,2,and 3

The following is the answers to Chapter 12 Lesson 3 Study Questions

Chapter 12 Lesson 3 Study Questions
What two great cultures developed in the Northern Sea?
* Vikings
* Hanseatic
What is a saga?
* Adventure story about the brave deeds of people
Where did the Vikings name originate?
* From the word a-viking- raiding overseas
What countries made up Scandinavia?
* Denmark
* Norway
* Sweden
Why did the Scandinavians take to the sea?
* to search for food and supplies to support their growing population
What did the Vikings travel in?
* Flatboats
How did the Vikings create an element of surprise?
* By attacking at night and very early morning hours
Who were the Vikings slaves?
* Women and children
Who were the first people attacked by the Vikings?
* coasts of northwestern Europe
What other cities did the Vikings attack?
* Paris
* Bordeaux
* Seville
What is territorial expansion?
* adding of new lands
Name the settlements set up by the Vikings.
* Swedish Vikings - Russia
* Danes - England and France
* Norwegians - Iceland, Greenland, Scotland, Ireland, and parts of North America
Why do you think the Vikings stopped their raids of other lands?
* They eventually traveled far from their homes in Scandinavia and decided to settle where they found land and other things they wanted and needed
What trade routes did the Rus control?
* The northern waterways of Europe

Who were the Hansas?
* Groups of Northern European merchants who banded together to form a league to protect the merchants
Why was the Hanseatic League formed?
* To protect the merchants in the group

We have to move on to a new chapter since. The Study questions for Chapter 13 were handed out in class. Here are the questions, due on Wednesday.

Chapter 13 Lesson 1 Study Questions

1) Define Renaissance.
2) Where did Renaissance ideas first take hold?
3) Name the important events of trade in Italy.
4) What did merchants bring back other than goods?
5) Who were the government leaders of the city states?
6) What did the city states compete for?
7) What economic developments contributed to the rebirth of ideas in Italy?
8) What contributed to the rebirth of ideas in Italy?
9) What was the relationship between Greek and Roman culture and Renaissance thinking?
10) What Greek and Roman ideas do you recall that may have supported individualism in the Renaissance?
11) What are patrons?
12) Who was Leonardo da Vinci? List his accomplishments.
13) Who was Michelangelo? List his accomplishments.
14) How did art change during the Renaissance?
15) Who was Mona Lisa?
16) Who was the first to use movable type to print?
17) In 1455, what did Gutenberg print?
18) Who was the greatest writer of England's Golden Age?
19) How did the printing press affect the Renaissance?
20) What were some of the scientific contributions that Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton made?

These are the notes for Chapter 12 Lesson 2
Sorry they were posted Thursday but did not show up.

Chapter 12
Lesson 2
The Mediterranean
and
the Black Sea
Byzantine Trade
* Constantinople - the capital of the Byzantine Empire
* Ships sailed through the Red Sea and across the Indian Ocean to India
* Imported goods - furs, salt, wax, and Honey came from Kiev.
* Imported goods - Ivory, porcelain, jewels, silk, and spices came from India and China
* A tax was placed on all goods that went through Constantinople - made the Empire very rich

Greek Fire

* Was a chemical mixture that caught fire when water hit
* the Byzantine navy kept the sea routes safe with this secret weapon

How did trade make the Byzantine Empire wealthy?
* Through a tariff on all trade goods that passed through Constantinople
Why was gaining control of Mediterranean islands important to the Muslims of North Africa?
* They wanted control of Mediterranean trade.
* The islands were needed to protect their ships

* Venice helped the Normans defeat the Byzantine Empire and take over Constantinople
What ended the Italian city-states' monopoly on Mediterranean trade?

* The Ottoman Turks took over Constantinople
Study Questions for Lesson 2
* 1. How did the Byzantine Empire become so rich?
* 2. What was the secret weapon of the Byzantine navy?
* 3. Which empire did Venice have to defeat to gain control of trade routes in the Mediterranean Sea?

These are today's lesson notes and study questions
The study questions are for homework.
Chapter 12 Test is set for Wednesday
Lessons 1,2,and 3

Chapter 12 Lesson 3
The Northern Seas
Viking Adventurers
* a-vikinig- raiding overseas
* this term soon came to describe the warriors who carried out the attacks - the Vikings
* Countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden grew quickly and needed more supplies for the people who lived there

* The Vikings traveled in longships, or narrow, flat-bottomed boats
* The boats were powered by large, square sails but by many strong rowers
* Attacked at night or early in the morning
* Carried off women and children to be sold as slaves
* What they could not steal they set on fire





* The Vikings began to settle the lands that they had conquered
* Some of the land they settled in was:
* Russia
* Denmark
* England
* France
* Iceland
* Greenland
* Scotland
* Ireland
* North America

Why did Scandinavians take up
a-viking, and why did they stop their raids?
* To find food and land for their people
* They gained the land they needed

Why do you think the Vikings stopped their raids of other lands?
* They eventually traveled far from their homes in Scandinavia and decided to settle where they found land and other things they wanted and needed

How would you describe the route the Vikings took to get to Pisa in what is today Italy?
* It was entirely by sea
The Rus
* This was the name given to the Vikings by the people of eastern Europe called the Slavs
* They traded sable and squirrel skins and other kinds of skins


What trade routes did the Rus control?

* The northern waterways of Europe
Hansas
* Northern European merchants decided to work together for protection
* Members agreed to share the cost of trading including:
* Renting the ships
* Paying guards for trade caravans


Over the next hundred years, the merchants of about 200 northern European towns joined this Hanseatic League
* The league had its own navy
* Economic power
* Gained new trade agreements
* Controlled the northern sea trade for almost 100 years


Why was the Hanseatic League formed?
* to protect the merchants in the group

Look at the map on page 405
What do you think would have happened to the merchants of a town such as Riga if they had not joined the Hanseatic League?
* they would have lost all sea trade opportunities

Where did the Vikings, and later the Hanseatic League, trade?
* Northern Europe

How did Viking territorial expansion help the Vikings and the Hanseatic League become leaders of trade?
* It gave each control of a larger trade network that included important trade routes and access to a wide variety of goods
Where is territorial expansion taking place today?
How does it compare to expansion that took place in earlier times?
* The former Yugoslavia provides one example of present-day expansion


When merchants work together, as the Hanseatic League merchants did, what happens to competition? How does this affect consumers?
* there is less competition
* less competition can result in higher prices for consumers

Chapter 12 Lesson 3 Study Questions

1) What two great cultures developed in the Northern Sea?
2) What is a saga?
3) Where did the Vikings name originate?
4) What countries made up Scandinavia?
5) Why did the Scandinavians take to the sea?
6) What did the Vikings travel in?
7) How did the Vikings create an element of surprise?
8) Who were the Vikings slaves?
9) Who were the first people attacked by the Vikings?
10) What other cities did the Vikings attack?
11) What is territorial expansion?
12) Name the settlements set up by the Vikings.
13) Why do you think the Vikings stopped their raids of other lands?
14) What trade routes did the Rus control?
15) Who were the Hansas?
16) Why was the Hanseatic League formed?

Here are your study question and answers for Chapter 12 Lesson 1 and 2
Start to study now for the test on Wednesday

Geography Test that were taken on Friday will be given back on Monday

Chapter 12 Lesson 1 Study Questions

What city became known as "the harbor of the world"? Why?
* Baghdad
* Because everything traded came through Baghdad

How did the people of Baghdad reach the people of Guangzhou for trading?
* Sailed on the Tigris River to Basra and across the Indian Ocean to the China Sea

What products did the ships have on board when they arrived in China?
* Dates
* Sugar
* Linen cloth
* Perfumes
* jewels

What goods did the Arab merchants export from China?
* Silks
* Porcelain bowls
* Cotton
* Pepper
* spices

How long did a round trip take?
* 18 months

What are junks?
* Wooden boat with four-sided sails

Define diplomat.
* A person skilled in developing treaties

How did Muslim ways and religion spread to countries bordering the Indian Ocean?
* Through Muslim trading communities

Who were the Swahili?
* Arab traders who married East African women and raised families

How did Islam differ from the religions of many peoples in the Indian Ocean region?
* Muslims recognized one God, while many people in the region worshipped many gods

Where was the richest Swahili city-state?
* Kilwa

How did the Swahili city-states develop?
* Through Arabian interaction and trade

What part did the people of the Shona Empire play in trade across the Indian Ocean?
* The Shonas controlled the Central African gold mines


Chapter 12 Lesson 2 Study Questions


How did trade make the Byzantine Empire wealthy?

* Through a tariff on all trade goods that passed through Constantiople

Why was gaining control of Mediterranean islands important to the Muslims of North Africa?
* They wanted control of Mediterranean trade
* The islands were needed to protect their ships

How would you describe the location of the Byzantine Empire in 1350?
* It was located in eastern Europe and part of western Asia

What actions of the Venetians showed that they considered themselves independent of the Byzantine Empire?
* They helped the Normans drive the Byzantines out of Italy
* They told crusaders to attack Constantinople

Why do you think Venetian merchants traveled in so many different directions?
* They were in search of a wide variety of trade items
* To expand their number of trading partners

What ended the Italian city-states' monopoly on Mediterranean trade?
* The Ottoman Turks took over Constantinople

Look at the graph on page 399 about what percent of citizens were sailors or shipbuilders?
* About 30 percent

Have a great weekend!!! Go to the Rebel game and cheer on the Rebels!!!

Study Questions due on Thursday

Chapter 12 Lesson 1 Study Questions

1) What city became known as "the harbor of the world"? Why?
2) How did the people of Baghdad reach the people of Guangzhou for trading?
3) What products did the ships have on board when they arrived in China?
4) What goods did the Arab merchants export from China?
5) How long did a round trip take?
6) Define diplomat.
7) How did Muslim ways and religion spread to countries bordering the Indian Ocean?
8) Who were the Swahili?
9) How did Islam differ from the religions of many peoples in the Indian Ocean region?
10) Where was the richest Swahili city-state?
11) How did the Swahili city-states develop?
12) Describe Great Zimbabwe.
13) What part did the people of the Shona Empire play in trade across the Indian Ocean?


Chapter 12 Lesson 2 Study Questions

1. How did trade make the Byzantine Empire wealthy?
2. Why was gaining control of Mediterranean islands important to the Muslims of North Africa?
3. How would you describe the location of the Byzantine Empire in 1350?
4. What actions of the Venetians showed that they considered themselves independent of the Byzantine Empire?
5. Why do you think Venetian merchants traveled in so many different directions?
6. What ended the Italian city-states' monopoly on Mediterranean trade?
7. Look at the graph on page 399 about what percent of citizens were sailors or shipbuilders?

Daily Geography Test is on Friday!!!
Study now, Review Thursday!!!

Indian Ocean Trade Game was today's lesson
Remeber to bring the game sheets back to class on Thursday

Homework due on Wednesday
Read Chapter 12 Lesson 2 Pages 396 - 399
Define Vocabulary Page 396
Lesson Review Questions 1 - 4 Page 399
DON'T FORGET YOUR CALCULATORS