Notes for Monday

Chapter 13
Lesson 2
Changes in Europe
Focus
?? What might cause a society today to change over time?
Main Idea
?? As you read, look for reasons that European society gradually changed
Define Vocabulary
?? Reconquista
?? Clergy
?? Indulgence
?? Heresy
?? Protestant
?? Reformation
Reconquista
?? A plan to make all of Spain Catholic

Clergy
?? Church officers

Indulgences
?? Pardons for sins

heresy
?? Denying the beliefs of the church

Protestants
?? Name of the churches that were formed as a result of protests against the Roman Catholic Church

Reformation
?? A religious movement that began in sixteenth-century Europe as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church, resulting in the founding of Protestantism

New Monarchies
?? King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella united their kingdoms and other parts of Spain under one rule
?? They wanted to drive the Moors out of from Spain
?? A Moor were Muslims who came from North Africa

??
?? The plan of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella was to make all of Spain Catholic which was called Reconquista


Uniting of France
?? The task of uniting France fell to Louis XI
?? French nobles took care of their own needs first and refused to listen to the King
?? Louis crushed the power of the nobles
?? Gave special favors to the merchants in the growing cities and towns

Uniting of England
?? Uniting of England took longer than France
?? In 1485 Henry Tudor, the Earl of Richmond, defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth


How did each of the new monarchies establish its authority?
?? Ferdinand and Isabella united Spain and drove out non-Catholics
?? Louis XI crushed the power of the nobles and supported the middle classes
?? Henry VII united warring families an seized armies and land from powerful nobles

Life in Europe
?? Most people lived in small villages
?? Life as a peasant farmer had become worse than ever
?? The demand for wool was rising
?? Large landowners threw small farmers off their land and took it over, to make a large profit raising the sheep for the wool

What caused life to change for European peasant farmers in the mid-1500??s?
?? Landowners took land from peasant farmers to raise sheep for wool


How did the growing demand for wool affect the peasants?
?? They were forced off the land so that it could be used for raising sheep

In the 1500??s many Europeans moved from the country side to the cities. Why?
?? To escape the wealthy landowners, that were throwing them off of their land

Look on page 437
How many times larger were the population of London in 1600 than in 1500?

?? 4 times

A Weakened Church
?? The Catholic Church had been a strong force for continuity in Europe
?? It was weakened by improper behavior and poor judgment by the clergy
?? Pope Leo X sold indulgences and positions in the church until he was challenged by a priest named Martin Luther

??
?? Indulgences- which were pardons for sins
?? Pope Leo X did it a little different
?? He sold the indulgences for past sins
?? He also sold the indulgences for future sins that you would commit



What were indulgences? Why did Martin Luther feel that they were wrong?
?? Pardons for sins
?? Luther didn??t think forgiveness for sins could be bought

Protestants
?? Strongly protested these actions and became known as Protestants
?? The movement that gave rise to Protestant churches was called the Reformation because its goal was to reform the Catholic Church

How did the Reformation change Europe?
?? Many parts of Europe became Protestant
?? Reforms were brought to the Catholic Church

What was the Reformation?
?? A movement to change the Catholic Church

What effect did the Reformation have on Europe?
?? It led to the formation of new Christian churches and changes in the practices of the Catholic Church

If you did not finish your Chapter 13 Lesson 2 study questions in class,which you had plenty of time to finish, they are for homework.
Study Quesitions due on Monday.

Chapter 13 Lesson 2 Study Questions

1. Who were the new monarchies in the late 1400's?
2. Why did Louis XI favor the merchants in the growing cities?
3. How did each of the new monarchies establish its authority?
4. How many time larger was the population of London in 1600 than in 1500?
5. What caused life to change for European peasant farmers in the mid-1500's?
6. How did the growing demand for wool affect the peasants
7. Who took over the Catholic church in 1513?
8. Who was Martin Luther?
9. Why do you think others did not seem to care about the sale of indulgences?
10. What words would you use to describe Martin Luther
11. What were indulgences? Why did Martin Luther feel that they were wrong?
12. How did the Reformation change Europe? What effect did it have on Europe?
13. What might cause a society today to change over time?

Daily Geography Questions 21 - 25 for Thursday


21.Through which countries does the Nile River flow?
Ethiopia, Sudan, Egypt
Movement

22. Which city is the capital of Egypt?
Cario
Place

23. Which city is the capital and largest city of Sudan?
Khartoum
Place

24. Into which body of water does the Nile River flow?
Mediterranean Sea
Place

25. Where is the source of the Nile River?
Ethiopian Highlands
Place

Daily Geography Test Friday
Questions 11 - 25 Review the questions 1-10, some of these will be on the test also.

Chapter 13 Lesson 1 Study Questions and answers
1. Define
Renaissance
,,X A French word meaning ??rebirth??

2. Where did Renaissance ideas first take hold?
,,X Italy

3. Name the important events of trade in Italy.
,,X Venice
,,X Naples
,,X Milan
,,X Florence
,,X Genoa

4. What did merchants bring back other than goods?
,,X Ideas
,,X Philosophy
,,X Science
,,X Geography
,,X Technology

5. Who were the government leaders of the city states?
,,X Wealthy merchants
,,X Banking families

6. What did the city states compete for?
,,X To become the known as Europe??s greatest center of learning




7. What economic developments contributed to the rebirth of ideas in Italy?
,,X Italian merchants and bankers had become rich from trade with the East and had wealth to give to artists and thinkers

8. What contributed to the rebirth of ideas in Italy?
,,X Ideas brought from the East by Italian merchants and a renewed interest in Greek and Roman ideas

9. What was the relationship between Greek and Roman culture and Renaissance thinking?
,,X The study of ancient Greek and Roman works led to a new way of thinking about the world

10. What Greek and Roman ideas do you recall that may have supported individualism in the Renaissance?
,,X Greek ideas about democracy, a form of government in which individuals play a large role
,,X Roman ideas about the rights of individuals
11. What are patrons?
,,X Supporter of the arts

12. Who was Leonardo da Vinci? List his accomplishments.
,,X Scientist
,,X Engineer
,,X Inventor
,,X Had sketch of a flying machine
,,X Philosopher
,,X Writer
,,X Artist
,,X Mona Lisa
,,X The Last Supper- attention to detail amazing

13. Who was Michelangelo? List his accomplishments.
,,X Sculpture of David and Moses
,,X Painting of the Sistine Chapel



14. How did art change during the Renaissance?
,,X Art became less formal and more lifelike
,,X Both religious and nonreligious subjects were shown

15.Who was Mona Lisa?

16. Who was the first to use movable type to print?
,,X Johannes Gutenberg
,,X Invented the movable type and the printing press

17. In 1455, what did Gutenberg print?
,,X Bible

18. Who was the greatest writer of England??s Golden Age?
,,X William Shakespeare
,,X Greatest writer of England??s Golden Age
,,X Wrote poems and plays

19. How did the printing press affect the Renaissance?
,,X It allowed new ideas to spread quickly to all of Europe

20. What were some of the scientific contributions that Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton made?
,,X Nicolaus Copernicus
,,X 1500??s presented calculations that showed the Earth revolves around the sun
,,X Galileo Galilei
,,X Proved Copernicus?? theory
,,X Invented the telescope and proved that the Earth did indeed move around the sun
,,X Isaac Newton
,,X Wrote a book and introduced the gravity theory
,,X Explained how objects are controlled by gravity

Read Chapter 13 Lesson 1 notes
Make sure your Chapter 13 Lesson 1 study questions are complete

Daily Geography Questions for Wednesday
Daily Geography Test is on Friday, it will include Questions 1 - 20


17. Which present-day country that is part of both Europe and Asia belonged to the Lydians in ancient times?17.
Turkey
Place

18. Which city was the capital of the ancient land of Israel and is today the capital of the country of Israel?
Jerusalem
Place

19. Which river is the world's longest?
Nile River
Place

20. On which continent is the Nile River located?

Africa
Location

Classroom notes for Tuesday 09-21-04
I included the Daily Geography from the beginning of school. If you missed any, copy them into your notebooks under the section, Daily Geography.

New Direction for Europe
Chapter 13
Lesson 1
Rebirth of Ideas of Europe
Focus
* How might greater freedom for the individual help bring about an age of creative ideas?
Main Idea
* As you read, think about how changes in European thought encouraged individualism and creativity.
Renaissance
* a French word meaning "rebirth"
patron
* supporters of the arts
perspective
* A painting technique that shows the differences between things that are close and things that are far away`
Movable type
* Letters and numbers made from individual pieces of metal that can be positioned to form rows of words
telescope
* An instrument that can make faraway objects look close
gravity
* The force that holds objects to the Earth and keeps the planets circling around the sun
Scientific method
* A system of observing and experimenting to determine whether an idea should be accepted as true
The Renaissance begins in Italy
* Renaissance ideas first took hold in Italy
* Merchants brought back ideas about philosophy, science, geography, and technology
* These ideas inspired a new interest in learning
* City-states competed to become known as Europe's greatest center of learning

Which would you prefer?

* An assignment with strict instructions
* One in which you could use your own ideas
* When individuals are free to express themselves as they wish, they can be very creative
What economic developments contributed to the rebirth of ideas in Italy?
* Italian merchants and bankers had become rich from trade with the east and had wealth to give to artists and thinkers
Look on the map on page 430
* Which city-states controlled land that is not part of present-day Italy?
* The Duchy of Savoy, the Duchy of Milan, the Republic of Venice
What contributed to the rebirth of ideas in Italy?
* Ideas brought from the East by Italian merchants and a renewed interest in Greek and Roman ideas

* The Italian patrons supported scholars who believed in an idea unheard of during the Middle Ages --- the importance of the individual
* In the Middle Ages, scholarly thinking had focused on God and religion

* The study of the Greek and Roman works led the Renaissance scholars to a new way of thinking about the world
* They believed that people needed to understand how things worked
* The new way of thinking first appeared in literature

What was the relationship between Greek and Roman culture and Renaissance thinking?

* The study of ancient Greek and Roman works led to a new way of thinking about the world
Changes in Art
* Renaissance ideas about the importance of the individual also changed art and artists
Middle Ages
* Artists used only religious subjects
* Works looked formal and stiff
* Not respected
Renaissance artists
* Produced art that was far more lifelike and that showed both religious and nonreligious subjects
* Well respected
What Greek and Roman ideas do you recall that may have supported individualism in the Renaissance?
* Greeks ideas about democracy, a form of government in which individuals play a large role
* Roman ideas about the rights of individuals
What economic benefit did new views of artists have for the artists themselves?
* They received better pay
What effect do you think this had on their creativity?
* They became more creative, because they could create without worrying so much about how they would survive
How did art change during the Renaissance?
* Art became less formal and more lifelike
* Both religious and nonreligious subjects were shown
Leonardo da Vinci
* Scientist
* Engineer
* Inventor
* Had sketch of a flying machine
* Philosopher
* Writer
* Artist
* Mona Lisa
* The Last Supper- attention to detail amazing
Michelangelo Buonarroti
* Sculpture of David and Moses
* Painting of the Sistine Chapel
The Spread of Ideas
* Johannes Gutenberg
* Invented the movable type and the printing press
* William Shakespeare
* Greatest writer of England's Golden Age
* Wrote poems and plays

Look on page 433
Discussion of Gutenberg's printing press and movable type using the Multi-Flow Map to show Cause and Effect
Revolution in Science
* Nicolaus Copernicus
* 1500's presented calculations that showed the Earth revolves around the sun
* Galileo Galilei
* Proved Copernicus' theory
* Invented the telescope and proved that the Earth did indeed move around the sun
* Isaac Newton
* Wrote a book and introduced the gravity theory
* Explained how objects are controlled by gravity
Why was the Renaissance a good name for the age of learning?
* Because the word renaissance means "rebirth," and during the age of learning, old ideas were given a new live
In what ways did changes in European thought encourage individualism and creativity?
* The focus of scholarly thinking shifted form God and religion to the individual
What helped the new learning spread so quickly throughout Europe? What changes did this spread of ideas bring?
* Use of movable type for printing
* Increases in knowledge and desire for knowledge, greater volumes of literature
How might greater freedom of the individual help bring about an age of creative ideas?

DAILY GEOGRAPHYMake a section in your binder and label it Daily Geography copy the daily geography question into your binder each day
Today's question is:
1. From which continent did early people probably begin their global migration?
Use your book to answer this question, also put which theme of geography does it represent.
Daily Geography
* 2. By 12,000 years ago early people were living on every continent but one. Which one was that?
* Remember to use your book to answer and list which theme of geography it represents
Daily Geography

3. Near which type of natural feature were most of the earliest farming villages built?
Daily Geography

4. On which four of the sevens continents were the earliest farming areas developed?
Daily Geography

5. Between which two rivers is the Fertile Crescent?

* Tigris and Euphrates rivers
* Location
Daily Geography
6. In which present-day countries is much of the Fertile Crescent?

* Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Turkey
* Regions
Daily Geography
7.In which body of water do the Tigris and Euphrates rivers flow?

* Persian Gulf
* Movement
Daily Geography
8. Which mountains border the Fertile Crescent to the east?

* Zagros Mountains
* Place
Daily Geography
9. Which important resource used today is found in the southern part of the Fertile Crescent, near the Persian Gulf?

* Oil
* Relationship within places
Daily Geography
10. What is the capital of Iraq?

* Baghdad
* Place
Daily Geography
* Into which continent did the Assyrian Empire spread from lands in Asia?

* Africa
* Regions

* 12. Which body of waster links the people of Asia, Europe, and Africa?
* 13. In which present-day country is the land of the ancient Phoenicians?
* 14. Which city is the capital of Lebanon?
* 15. What natural resource, important to the ancient Phoenicians, is the symbol of the present-day country of Lebanon?
* 16. Moses led the Israelites from Egypt to Canaan across a large peninsula between the Red and Mediterranean seas. What is the name of this peninsula?

* 12. Mediterranean Sea
* Movement
* 13. Lebanon
* Location
* 14. Beirut
* Place
* 15. cedar tree
* Human-Environment Interaction
* 16. Sinai Peninsula
* Place

Homework:

Finish you Renaissance artist project, due on Tuesday, 09-21-04

Make sure you are finished with Chapter 13 lesson 1 study questions

Chapter 13 Lesson 1,2,and 3 Test is on Friday

Make sure you have completed Chapter 13 Lesson 1
Study Questions for Monday.

Tell your parents about our new CPS(Classroom Performance System)

Have fun this weekend!!! Go to the REBEL game!!!
GEAUX REBELS!!!!!

Chapter 12 Test has been moved to Thursday
The Test will cover all vocabulary and study questions for Chapter 12 Lesson 1,2,and 3

The following is the answers to Chapter 12 Lesson 3 Study Questions

Chapter 12 Lesson 3 Study Questions
What two great cultures developed in the Northern Sea?
* Vikings
* Hanseatic
What is a saga?
* Adventure story about the brave deeds of people
Where did the Vikings name originate?
* From the word a-viking- raiding overseas
What countries made up Scandinavia?
* Denmark
* Norway
* Sweden
Why did the Scandinavians take to the sea?
* to search for food and supplies to support their growing population
What did the Vikings travel in?
* Flatboats
How did the Vikings create an element of surprise?
* By attacking at night and very early morning hours
Who were the Vikings slaves?
* Women and children
Who were the first people attacked by the Vikings?
* coasts of northwestern Europe
What other cities did the Vikings attack?
* Paris
* Bordeaux
* Seville
What is territorial expansion?
* adding of new lands
Name the settlements set up by the Vikings.
* Swedish Vikings - Russia
* Danes - England and France
* Norwegians - Iceland, Greenland, Scotland, Ireland, and parts of North America
Why do you think the Vikings stopped their raids of other lands?
* They eventually traveled far from their homes in Scandinavia and decided to settle where they found land and other things they wanted and needed
What trade routes did the Rus control?
* The northern waterways of Europe

Who were the Hansas?
* Groups of Northern European merchants who banded together to form a league to protect the merchants
Why was the Hanseatic League formed?
* To protect the merchants in the group

We have to move on to a new chapter since. The Study questions for Chapter 13 were handed out in class. Here are the questions, due on Wednesday.

Chapter 13 Lesson 1 Study Questions

1) Define Renaissance.
2) Where did Renaissance ideas first take hold?
3) Name the important events of trade in Italy.
4) What did merchants bring back other than goods?
5) Who were the government leaders of the city states?
6) What did the city states compete for?
7) What economic developments contributed to the rebirth of ideas in Italy?
8) What contributed to the rebirth of ideas in Italy?
9) What was the relationship between Greek and Roman culture and Renaissance thinking?
10) What Greek and Roman ideas do you recall that may have supported individualism in the Renaissance?
11) What are patrons?
12) Who was Leonardo da Vinci? List his accomplishments.
13) Who was Michelangelo? List his accomplishments.
14) How did art change during the Renaissance?
15) Who was Mona Lisa?
16) Who was the first to use movable type to print?
17) In 1455, what did Gutenberg print?
18) Who was the greatest writer of England's Golden Age?
19) How did the printing press affect the Renaissance?
20) What were some of the scientific contributions that Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton made?

These are the notes for Chapter 12 Lesson 2
Sorry they were posted Thursday but did not show up.

Chapter 12
Lesson 2
The Mediterranean
and
the Black Sea
Byzantine Trade
* Constantinople - the capital of the Byzantine Empire
* Ships sailed through the Red Sea and across the Indian Ocean to India
* Imported goods - furs, salt, wax, and Honey came from Kiev.
* Imported goods - Ivory, porcelain, jewels, silk, and spices came from India and China
* A tax was placed on all goods that went through Constantinople - made the Empire very rich

Greek Fire

* Was a chemical mixture that caught fire when water hit
* the Byzantine navy kept the sea routes safe with this secret weapon

How did trade make the Byzantine Empire wealthy?
* Through a tariff on all trade goods that passed through Constantinople
Why was gaining control of Mediterranean islands important to the Muslims of North Africa?
* They wanted control of Mediterranean trade.
* The islands were needed to protect their ships

* Venice helped the Normans defeat the Byzantine Empire and take over Constantinople
What ended the Italian city-states' monopoly on Mediterranean trade?

* The Ottoman Turks took over Constantinople
Study Questions for Lesson 2
* 1. How did the Byzantine Empire become so rich?
* 2. What was the secret weapon of the Byzantine navy?
* 3. Which empire did Venice have to defeat to gain control of trade routes in the Mediterranean Sea?