TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!
Don't forget your test tomorrow.

Map test on the thirteen colonies
Chapter 5 Vocabulary Test

Chapter 5 Lesson 2
The French and Indian War

The French and Indian War would forever change the balance of power in North America

English settlers called the conflict the French and Indian War because it pitted them against France and its Native American allies

Scuffles between France and Britain in the Ohio River valley triggered the opening shots of the French and Indian war.

Lieutenant Governor Dinwiddie wanted the French out of the Ohio River valley

He sent George Washington to deliver a letter warning the French to get of the Ohio River valley

When the French refused, he sent Washington and 150 men to build a fort where the Monogahela and Allegheny rivers meet.

The French had already built Fort Duquesne where the rivers met

Washington surprised the French with an early victory, but was then defeated at Fort Necessity

Albany Congress

Delegates from seven colonies gathered in Albany, New York

They met for two reasons

1.Persuade the Iroquois to help them against the French
2.To plan a united colonial defense


Albany Plan of Union

1. Proposed by Benjamin Franklin

2. Plan to create one general government for the 13 colonies

3. Would be called the Grand Council and would be made up of members from each colony
4. The council would make laws, raise taxes, and set up the defense of the colonies


The delegates approved the plan

The colonial assemblies did not approve it

None of the colonies wanted to give up any of its powers to a central council


French strengths at the beginning of the war

1.New France had a single government that could act quickly when necessary
2. French had the support of many more Indian allies than the British did

British strengths at the beginning of the war
1. Population of the English colonies was about 15 times greater that that of New France
2. English colonies were clustered along the coast, so they were easier to defend that the widely scattered French settlements
3. British had some Indian allies
4.British navy ruled the seas

During the next two years the war continued to go badly for the British

The Tide of Battle Turns

1. William Pitt became the new head of the British government
2. To encourage colonists to support the war, he promised large payments for military services and supplies
3. In 1758, Amherst captures Louisburg
British capture Fort Duquesne and renamed it Fort Pitt

Summer of 1759

1.Pushed the French from Fort Niagara, Crown Point, and Fort Ticonderoga
2. Pitt sent General Wolfe to take Quebec, capital of New France
3. On September 17, 1759 Quebec surrendered to the British

In 1760, the British took Montreal and the war in North America ended

In 1763 Britain and France signed the Treaty of Paris, officially ending the long conflict

The Treaty of Paris marked the end of French power in North America

Treaty of Paris
1. Britain gained Canada and all French lands east of the Mississippi River
2. France was allowed to keep two islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and islands in the West Indies
2. Spain fought for France and had to give up Florida to Britain but received all French land west of the Mississippi River

TEST!!!TEST!!!TEST!!!TEST!!!TEST!!!TEST!!!TEST!!!TEST!!!TEST!!!TEST!!!TEST!!!TEST!!!TEST!!!TEST!!!
Vocabulary Test on Wednesday
Chapter 5 Test on Friday

Define the following:

petitions
formal written requests to someone in authority

Joseph Brant
Mohawk leader who was an ally of the English

Writs of assistance
legal documents allowing officers to inspect ships’ cargoes

nonimportation agreements
promises to stop importing goods taxed by the British

Samuel Adams
Patriot leader who formed committees of correspondence

William Pitt
British leader who developed a strategy for winning the French and Indian War

Townshend Acts
British laws that put taxes on many goods sold in the colonies

Patrick Henry
Virginia leader who protested British policies

Stamp Act
British law that resulted in a meeting of delegates from nine colonies

Intolerable Acts
British laws passed to punish colonists after the Boston Tea Party

repeal - to cancel or undo

boycott - to refuse to buy certain goods or services

minuteman cp;pmoa; volunteer who trained to fight the British

committee of correspondence - group of colonists who wrote letters and pamphlets reporting on British actions

militia - army citizens who serve as soldiers in an emergency

TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!TEST!!
Vocabulary and Map Test on Wednesday
Chapter 5 Test Friday

Chapter 5 Lesson 1
Rivalry in North America

At stake was more than control of the Ohio River Valley.

France and England each hoped to drive the other nation out of North America altogether

Who competead for trade in the corners of the globe?
England
France
Spain
the Netherlands

How did the French protect their land claims?
built an extensive system of forts

Why was the Ohio River Valley so important to the French?
it provided a vital link between their lands in Canada and the Mississippi River

Native Americans decided that the only way to protect their way of life was to take sides in the struggle

Why did the French think that the Native Americans would fight on their side?

most French were trappers not farmers like the English

French did not destroy Indian hunting grounds by clearing forests for farms

French trappers married Native American women and adopted their ways

English settlers were mostly farm families

They ignored Indian rights when they cleared land for crops did not respect Indian ways

Chapter 4 Lesson 4 and 5 Study questions and answers

Governing the Colonies

What were the Navigation Acts? What were their purposes?

Series of laws that governed trade between England and the colonies; Purposes : strengthen England and make it richer ( mercantilism )

Give three of the different laws under the Navigation Acts.

a) only England built ships to carry goods to and from
b) English sailors only
c) All ships to America had to first stop in England
d) certain goods could only be shipped to England. Enumerated articles: tobacco cotton, sugar

What was the triangular trade, and how did it make New England merchants wealthy?

a) colonial trade route from New England to Africa to the West Indies b)because of the selling of slaves

What was the basic set up of government for most of the colonies?

Governor (sent from England to rule),

legislature (upper and lower houses),

each colony had its own rules for voting

What were two requirements to be able to vote in most colonies?

A) only white Christian males over 21 could vote b) all voters had to own property

What were four groups who had limited rights or few rights at all?

Blacks, Indians, women, and indentured servants

What was the English Bill of Rights?

William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights, which guaranteed the colonists individual freedoms

A CHANGING COLONIAL CULTURE

Name and describe the three social classes in the colonies.

A) Gentry – wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, successful lawyers, royal officials B) Middle class- farmers who worked, craftsman and trades people C) lowest class- hired farmhands, indentured servants, and slaves

What were some tasks that New England women worked at from sunrise to sunset?

A) Clear the land, plant and harvest crops B) cleaned animals C) made candles and clothes D) blacksmiths, weavers, merchants, barbers, E) nurses, midwives, doctors

What was the Great Awakening? Who started the Great Awakening?

The Great Awakening was a great religious movement in the colonies started by Jonathan Edwards

Why did Puritans believe in learning to read?

Should learn to read so that they could study the Bible

What were the requirements for public schools in Massachusetts?

Massachusetts showed a concern for education by passing a law to set up the first public school.

Massachusetts required a town with 50 families to hire a teacher. Towns with 100 families had to set up a grammar school for boys to prepare for college

Identify the colleges set up in these colonies:
Massachusetts 1636, Connecticut 1701, Virginia 1693

Massachusetts – Harvard (1636),

Connecticut – Yale (1701),

Virginia – William and Mary (1693)

List 8-10 contributions Benjamin Franklin made as a leader, scientist, and inventor.

a) Poor Richard’s Almanac b) Franklin stove, c) bifocal glasses, d) lightning rod e) organized fire company and a police force, f) first lending library

In what ways was Benjamin Franklin an example on the enlightenment spirit?

He used reason/logic to understand and improve his world

How did improved travel and mail service help colonists?

They learned more about their neighbors and news and ideas spread quickly

CHAPTER 4 TEST FRIDAY
LESSON 1 - 5 STUDY ALL STUDY QUESTIONS

Classroom notes for Wednesday

Chapter 4 Lesson 3

The Southern Colonies

Mason-Dixon Line

Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon began to survey the 244 mile boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland

They laid stones on the border between the two colonies ( each stone was inscribed with letter P for Pennsylvania and M for Maryland)

This was also the boundary between Middle Colonies and the Southern Colonies

Maryland

In 1632, Sir George Calvert persuaded King Charles I to grant him land for a colony in the Americas

He wanted a place for Roman Catholics to practice freely

He named the colony Maryland in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria, the kings wife

Calvert died before his colony got underway, his son Lord Baltimore finished the project


Settling the colony

In the spring of 1634, 200 colonists landed along the upper Chesapeake Bay across from England’s first southern colony, Virginia

Lord Baltimore gave colonist a role in government by creating an elected assembly

Religious Toleration

Lord Baltimore welcomed Protestants as well as Catholics to the colony

In 1649, he asked the assembly to pass an Act of Toleration

This act provided religious freedom for all Christians ( this freedom did not extend to Jews)

Bacon’s Rebellion

In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led attacks against the Native Americans and burned Jamestown

Bacon was a planter and was upset with the government that had made his followers and himself take lands inland in the frontier

Settlers called on the governor to help stop the clashes between the Native Americans and the settlers, governor refused ( gov. was benefiting from the fur trade with the Native Americans)

The Carolinas

Northern part of the Carolinas mostly poor tobacco farmers

Southern part was made up of rich nobles which set up Charles town, later to become Charleston

Discovered that rice grew well in the marshy area, rice became a valuable crop

Settlers in southern Carolina discovered indigo

Slavery in the Carolinas

Carolina planters needed large numbers of workers to grow rice

Planters then turned to slaves from Africa

Northern Carolina had fewer slaves

Differences between the two areas led to division of the colony into North Carolina and South Carolina

Georgia

James Oglethorpe founded Georgia in 1732

He wanted the new colony to be a place where debtors could make a new start

Oglethorpe offered to pay for debtors and other poor people to travel to Georgia

In 1733, Oglethorpe set up the colony’s first settlement at Savannah

Growth of Slavery

Colonists passed laws that set out rules for slaves’ behavior and denied slaves their basic rights

These slave codes treated enslaved Africans not as human beings but as property

In 1688, Quakers in Germantown, Pennsylvania, became the first group of colonists to call for an end to slavery

Chapter 4 Lesson 2 and 3 Study questions and answers

MIDDLE COLONIES

11. How did the Dutch encourage farming in New Netherlands?
Dutch gave land to few rich families(patrons), had to bring over 50 farm families

12. Why did the Dutch lose New Netherlands, and what did the New Netherlands become? A) Peter Stuyvesant (Governor of New Netherlands) was mean and strict, colonists hated him. When the English moved into the New York harbor, the Dutch gave up without firing a shot B) New York (King Charles gave New Netherlands to his brother - the Duke of York

13. Who set up the colony of New Jersey? Lord Berkley and Sir George Carteret st up a proprietary colony- eventually became a Royal colony

14. What were four beliefs of the Quakers that went beyond what the Protestants believed? a) men and women were equal in God’s sight b) refused to pay taxes to the Church of England c) War was wrong and didn’t serve in the army d) wrong to own slaves and no Sabbath day

15. What was Penn’s colony finally called, and what was the form of government that was used in the colony? Pennsylvania; Frame of Government

16. What city’s name means “brotherly love”? Philadelphia

17. What name was given to the Lower Counties of Pennsylvania in 1701? Delaware

18. Why were the Middle colonies called the Breadbasket colonies? exported so much grain

19. Where did the Great Wagon Road lead, and how was it traveled? a) to the backcountry (Appalachian Mts. ) b) traveled by trains of 20 to 100 wagons

20. How were the Middle colonies unlike the English colonies? because they were settled by colonists from many countries

SOUTHERN COLONIES

21. Who was given the right to settle Maryland? Why was it settled? Lord Baltimore - Catholic noble. Asked the king for a haven for Catholics

22. What was granted by the Maryland Act of Toleration? the Act gave religious freedom to all Christians, ( did not protect the rights of Jews )

23. Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676 illustrated that settlers were determined to do what? to stay and push even deeper into Indian lands

24. How was the colony of Carolina started? 1663 - King Charles II gave 8 nobles tracts of land, called Carolinas (Latin for Charles)

25. Who established Georgia, the last colony? What type of people settled it? James Oglethorpe- the colony named in honor of the king. Set up by debtors. “buffer zone”

26. Give two ways life styles between the tidewater planters and backcountry people were different? Tidewater - plantation planters, wealthy. Not democratic backcountry - hardworking planters, democratic (believed everyone to be equal)

Classroom notes for Tuesday

Chapter 4 Lesson 2
The Middle Colonies

By 1700, England had four colonies in
the region directly south of New England

These colonies became known as the Middle Colonies because they were located between New England and the southern Colonies

The Middle Colonies had a much greater mix of people than either New England or the Southern Colonies

New Netherland

To encourage farming Dutch officials granted large parcels of land to a few rich families

Owners of these huge estates were called patroons

In return for the grant the patron promised to settle at least 50 European farm families on the land ( Patroons could charge as much rent as they wanted)


King Charles II of England then gave New Netherland to his brother, the Duke of York

He renamed the colony New York in the duke’s honor

New Jersey

Duke of York gave some of the land to his friends, Lord Berkeley and Sir George Cartered

They called this land New Jersey

Pennsylvania

William Penn founded this colony south of New Jersey in 1682

Penn came from a wealthy family but joined the Quakers (one of the most despised religious groups in England)


The Quakers

Like Pilgrims and Puritans, Quakers were Protestant refourmers

Quakers believed the all people men and women, nobles and commoners were equal in God’s sight

They allowed women to preach in public

The king named the new colony Pennsylvania or Penn’s woodlands

A policy of fairness

Penn’s Quaker beliefs led him to speak out for fair treatment of Native Americans

He said the land belonged to the Native Americans and the colonists should pay for it

The Native Americans respected Penn for this and protected his colonies for many years

The colony grows

New arrivals were large numbers of German speaking Protestants

They became known as the Pennsylvania Dutch

Penn planned a capital city and called it Philadelphia ( a Greek word for brotherly love)

Life in the Middle Colonies

Farmers found more favorable conditions in the Middle Colonies

Rich and fertile soil along the Hudson and Delaware rivers

Winters were milder than in New England

Growing season lasted longer

They produced surpluses of wheat, barley, and rye

Became a manufacturing and crafts center

Middle Colony Homes

Towns were less important

Counties, rather than villages, became centers on local government

Swedish settlers introduced log cabins to the Americas

The Dutch used red bricks to build narrow, high walled houses

Great Wagon Road

Settlers followed an old Iroquois trail that was known as the Great Wagon Road

They traveled west into the backcountry, an area of land along the eastern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains


Chapter 4 Lesson 2 and 3 Study Questions for Homework
MIDDLE COLONIES

11. How did the Dutch encourage farming in New Netherlands?
12. Why did the Dutch lose New Netherlands, and what did the New Netherlands become?
13. Who set up the colony of New Jersey?
14. What were four beliefs of the Quakers that went beyond what the Protestants believed?
15. What was Penn’s colony finally called, and what was the form of government that was used in the colony?
16. What city’s name means “brotherly love”?
17. What name was given to the Lower Counties of Pennsylvania in 1701?
18. Why were the Middle colonies called the Breadbasket colonies?
19. Where did the Great Wagon Road lead, and how was it traveled?
20. How were the Middle colonies unlike the English colonies?

SOUTHERN COLONIES

21. Who was given the right to settle Maryland? Why was it settled?
22. What was granted by the Maryland Act of Toleration?
23. Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676 illustrated that settlers were determined to do what?
24. How was the colony of Carolina started?
25. Who established Georgia, the last colony? What type of people settled it?
26. Give two ways life styles between the tidewater planters and backcountry people were different?

No Homework tonight!!!!

Classroom notes we will use on Tuesday
Chapter 4 Lesson 2
The Middle Colonies

• By 1700, England had four colonies in t eh region directly south of New England
• These colonies became known as the Middle Colonies because they were located between New England and the southern Colonies
• The Middle Colonies had a much greater mix of people than either New England or the Southern Colonies

New Netherland

• To encourage farming Dutch officials granted large parcels of land to a few rich families
• Owners of these huge estates were called patroons
• In return for the grand the patron promised to settle at least 50 European farm families on the land ( Patroons could charge as much rent as they wanted)


• King Charles II of England then gave New Netherland to his brother, the Duke of York
• He renamed the colony New York in the duke’s honor

New Jersey
• Duke of York gave some of the land to his friends, Lord Berkeley and Sir George Cartered
• They called this land New Jersey

Pennsylvania

• William Penn founded this colony south of New Jersey in 1682
• Penn came from a wealthy family but joined the Quakers (one of the most despised religious groups in England)


The Quakers

• Like Pilgrims and Puritans, Quakers were Protestant refourmers
• Quakers believed the all people men and women, nobles and commoners were equal in God’s sight
• They allowed women to preach in public
• The king named the new colony Pennsylvania or Penn’s woodlands

A policy of fairness

• Penn’s Quaker beliefs led him to speak out for fair treatment of Native Americans
• He said the land belonged to the Native Americans and the colonists should pay for it
• The Native Americans respected Penn for this and protected his colonies for many years

The colony grows

• New arrivals were large numbers of German speaking Protestants
• They became known as the Pennsylvania Dutch
• Penn planned a capital city and called it Philadelphia ( a Greek word for brotherly love)


Life in the Middle Colonies

• Farmers found more favorable conditions in the Middle Colonies
• Rich and fertile soil along the Hudson and Delaware rivers
• Winters were milder than in New England
• Growing season lasted longer
• They produced surpluses of wheat, barley, and rye
• Became a manufacturing and crafts center

Middle Colony Homes

• Towns were less important
• Counties, rather than villages, became centers on local government
• Swedish settlers introduced log cabins to the Americas
• The Dutch used red bricks to build narrow, high walled houses

Great Wagon Road

• Settlers followed an old Iroquois trail that was known as the Great Wagon Road
• They traveled west into the backcountry, an area of land along the eastern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains

Chapter 4 Vocabulary Test tomorrow (Vocabulary only)
Vocabulary terms 1 - 19

1.toleration
Willingness to let others practice their own customs and beliefs

2.slave code
Laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans and denied them basic rights

3. racism
Belief that one race is superior to another

4.common
Open field where cattle grazed

5.town meeting
Session in which citizens discuss and vote on local community issues

6.import
Trade product brought into a country

7.mercantilism
Economic theory that a nation’s strength came from building up its gold supplies and expanding its trade

8.patron
Owner of a huge estate in a Dutch colony

9.Sabbath
Holy day of rest in some religions

10.export
Trade product sent to markets outside a country

11. cash crop
Crop sold for money

12. legislature
Group of people who have the power to make laws

13.triangular trade
Colonial trade route between New England, the West Indies, and Africa

14. backcountry
Area of land along the eastern slopes of the Appalachian Moutains

15. middle class
In the 13 English colonies, class that included skilled crafts workers, farmers, and some trades people

16. proprietor
Owner of a proprietary colony

17. buffer
Land between two other lands that reduces the possibility of conflict between the other two

18. royal colony
Colony under the control of the English crown

19. indigo

A plant used to make a valuable blue dye

Chapter 4 Study Question and answers
Questions 1 - 10

1. In the 1600’s, settlers left England to come to the New World for what three reasons?

Get rich
Improve lives by owning land
Religious freedom



2. Who were the Puritans, and where did they eventually settle?

Puritans were the protestants who wanted to rid the Church of England of Catholic practices (wanted to reform the church)
Settled in Massachusetts

3. What was the Great Migration? Who was the leader?

Great Migration (1629 – 1640) when thousands of settlers sailed to the Massachusetts Bay Colony
John Winthrop



4. What was the representative government called that was begun in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

General Court

5.Who set up a town in the Connecticut River Valley because he felt Winthrop had too much power?

Thomas Hooker – Winthrop ruled as he wished.
Hooker felt this was wrong
He wanted to limit the governor’s power
He built Hartford, Connecticut

6.The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut were base on a democratic government. What is a democratic government?

Democratic government: one which people held power and exercise it by choosing representatives in free elections
Some say this was the first written constitution

7. What ideas of Roger Williams worried Puritan leaders?
He said that the land belonged to the Native Americans and they should pay them for it\
Business of church and state should be separate
Believed in toleration
All men, not just church members, should be able to vote

8. Where did Roger Williams settle?
Rhode Island

9. Why was Anne Hutchinson put on trial by Puritans? Results?

Claimed ministers teaching incorrect beliefs
After two days, she made a mistake, she said God spoke directly to her
She was banished from the colony and went to Rhode Island

10. What brought about the witch hunts in Salem in 1692?

1692 – 200 people accused of witchcraft
Two young girls accused of being possessed, therefore they started to accuse neighbors
20 executed

Homework tonight

Define Vocabulary

1. toleration 11. slave code
2. common 12. racism
3. Sabbath 13. mercantilism
4. town meeting 14. import
5. patron 15. export
6. royal colony 16. triangular trade
7. cash crop 17. legislature
8. backcountry 18. middle class
9. indigo 19. proprietor
10. buffer


Study Guide

New England Colonies

1. In the 1600’s, settlers left England to come to the New World for what three reasons?
2. Who were the Puritans, and where did they eventually settle?
3. What was the Great Migration? Who was the leader?
4. What was the representative government called what was begun in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
5. Who set up a town in the Connecticut River Valley because he felt Winthrop had too much power?
6. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut were base on a democratic government. What is a democratic government?
7. What ideas of Roger Williams worried Puritan leaders?
8. Where did Roger Williams settle?
9. Why was Anne Hutchinson put on trial by Puritans? Results?
10. What brought about the witch hunts in Salem in 1692?

Define Vocabulary

1. toleration 11. slave code
2. common 12. racism
3. Sabbath 13. mercantilism
4. town meeting 14. import
5. patron 15. export
6. royal colony 16. triangular trade
7. cash crop 17. legislature
8. backcountry 18. middle class
9. indigo 19. proprietor
10. buffer


Study Guide

New England Colonies

1. In the 1600’s, settlers left England to come to the New World for what three reasons?
2. Who were the Puritans, and where did they eventually settle?
3. What was the Great Migration? Who was the leader?
4. What was the representative government called what was begun in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
5. Who set up a town in the Connecticut River Valley because he felt Winthrop had too much power?
6. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut were base on a democratic government. What is a democratic government?
7. What ideas of Roger Williams worried Puritan leaders?
8. Where did Roger Williams settle?
9. Why was Anne Hutchinson put on trial by Puritans? Results?
10. What brought about the witch hunts in Salem in 1692?