Vocabulary Test on Thursday All Classes
Chapter 19 Lesson 1,2,3 Test on Friday
Newspaper project due on Friday Adv. only


The Russian Revolution

Czar - leader of Russia

Most czars treated Russian people harshly

Peter the Great
*ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725
*helped Russia become more modern
*built the grand city of St. Petersburg
*collected high taxes from everyone


Catherine the Great

*ruled Russia in 1762
*supported learning and the arts
*did little to improve the lives of the Russian people


Czar Nicholas II

*came to the throne in 1894
*wanted to keep things the way they were
*workers went on strike and Nicholas made the necessary changes
*forced to give up the throne on March 15, 1917

Why were the Russian people unhappy with their leaders?

*They were treated very harshly
*Czars held all wealth and authority while peasants and factory workers owned nothing


Communism - a system in which all property and all means of production, such as farms and factories, belong to the people as a group

Who controlled the power and money in Russia?

*The czar
*The nobles



Lenin

*Helped to found the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party
*He wanted an end to the democratic government
*His slogan was "Peace, Land, and Bread."
*Took control of the government in November 1917
*Formed the secret police called the Cheka
*Those opposed to Lenin formed the fighting force called the White Army
*The Bolsheviks and Lenin formed the Red Army
*By 1921 the Red Army had defeated the White Army
*The Bolsheviks executed Nicholas II and his family


What did the Bolsheviks promise the Russian people?

*Peace
*Land
*Bread


In 1922 Russia was renamed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
*When Lenin died in 1924, Joseph Stalin took over.
*Stalin ordered farmers to work on collectives and forced thousands of people to work in large factories
*All those who opposed Stalin were killed or put into prison or slave labor camps
*Under Stalin the Soviet Union became a world power, but the Soviet citizens had no rights
*Stalin placed all parts of the economy under government control

Purge - all those who opposed Stalin were killed or put into prison in Siberia

Totalitarian state - a state in which the government has complete control over people's lives

Even with all the changes, Soviet citizens had no more freedom or political power than earlier Russian citizens had under the czars

How did Stalin build a totalitarian state?

*Set up collectives
*Placed the economy under government control
*Imprisoned or killed opponents of his government



Chapter 19 Lesson 2
Study Questions

1.Why were the Russian people unhappy with their leaders?
2.Who controlled the power and the money in Russia?
3.How did Czar Nicholas II fall from power?
4.Why do you think Lenin's slogan "Peace, Land, and Bread" gained him many followers?
5.Do you think that Lenin's actions had a positive or a negative effect on the Russian people?
6.What did the Bolsheviks promise the Russian people?
7.Under whose rule did Russia grow most in size?
8.How did Stalin build a totalitarian state?
9.Who led the Bolsheviks to power?
10.In what ways were the government and the economy of Lenin and Stalin different from those of the czars? How were they similar?