Chapter 19 Test Lesson 1,2,3 has been pushed back to Wednesday, February 18. We will review all lessons on Friday and get a Review sheet on Friday also.

Vocabulary Test Thursday
Chapter 19 Test Lesson 1,2,3 is on Friday


Vocabulary Test
Study Guide

1.militarism - strong interest in armed power
2.conscription - the drafting of young men to serve in the armed forces for a set number of years
3.arms race - competition to have the most weapons
4.armistice - agreement to stop fighting
5.autocrats - leaders with unlimited authority
6.czar - ruler or leader of Russia
7.Communism - a system in which all property and all means of production belong to the people as a group
8.soviet- workers' groups that planned and carried out the revolution
9.collectives - a large farm on which people work together as a group
10.purges- those who opposed Stalin were killed or put into prison
11.totalitarian - a state in which the government has complete control over people's lives.
12.Great Depression - in the 1930's, the United States began the worst economic decline in the world's history
13.inflation - a continuing increase in prices
14.Propaganda - the spreading of information or rumors to help or hurt a cause
15.Nationalism - sense of extreme pride or loyalty to a nation
16.Allied Powers - France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, United States
17.Central Powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy before WWI
18.Treaty of Versailles - Agreement ending WWI
19.Alliances - countries siding with other countries for military strength
20.April 1917 - The date that the United States enters WWI


Chapter 19
Lesson 3

The Great Depression

A Depression in the Making

*After World War I the U.S. Economy expanded and factories increased production
*However, demand for products fell, and there were too many unsold goods on the shelves
*American started buying stocks but when they wanted to sell there was not enough buyers
*October 1929, the stock prices crashed, starting the Great Depression

What economic problems were hidden by the prosperity of the 1920's?

*Supplies of goods greater than demand
*High taxes on imports to U.S. stopped people from buying
*People lost money in the stock market
*Unemployment grew

To help in understanding the sequence of events that led to the stock market crash of October 1929, place the following events in proper sequence:

*Production stays high, but demand falls
*Americans buy huge amounts of goods
*Businesses fail, and people lose jobs
*Stock prices crash
*The Great Depression begins
*People buy stocks on credit

How did the Great Depression affect the world economy?

*Economies around the world suffered

Which areas of the world were most affected by the Great Depression?
*The United States
*Europe
*Asia
*Africa
*South America



Roosevelt and the New Deal


Roosevelt's new idea
*Proposed new laws and programs to help people quickly
*Urged Congress to pass laws to reform the economic system
*Called the new laws the New Deal

New Deal

*Provided money to allow farmers to keep their land
*Help people who were out of work
*Created millions of new jobs by paying for many public works
*Created the Social Security Act of 1935
1.gave money to people who were:
a.retired
b.disabled
c.unable to work for other reasons

The New Deal still affects out lives today. The New Deal was the beginning of the Social Security system and that many of today's roads, bridges, and schools were built by the Work Projects Administration, a federal relief job program.

What steps did President Roosevelt take to bring the United States out of the Great Depression?
*Gave money go farmers and people out of work
*Provided jobs in public works
*Started the Social Security system

In what year did the United States face the highest unemployment?

*1933

Hitler and the rise of the Nazis

After World War I, Germany became a federal republic
They wanted a strong leader who would make Germany powerful again
Some thought that leader was Adolf Hitler









Adolf Hitler

*fought in World War I
*1920 helped form a highly nationalistic anticommunist group called the National Socialist or Nazi party.
*His idea that the Germans were a "superrace", a group of people better than all others
*Promised to rebuild Germany's economy
*Forced German president to make him chancellor
*Forced the Reichstag to give him control of the government
*Took the title of fuhrer
*Banned all political parties except the Nazi party
*Put an end to elections
*Formed a strong secret police called the Gestapo
*Rebuilt Germany's army
*Hitler said that the cause of Germany's political and economic troubles were the fault of the Jewish people

How did Hitler and the Nazis take control in Germany?

*Hitler convinced the Germans they were a superrace, promised to rebuild Germany's economy, and banned other political parties

Chapter 19 Lesson 3
Study Questions

1.What economic problems were hidden by the prosperity of the 1920's?
2.How did the Great Depression affect the world economy?
3.Which areas of the world were most affected by the Great Depression?
4.What steps did President Roosevelt take to bring the United States out of the Great Depression?
5.In what year did the United States face the highest unemployment?
6.Why did some Germans think Hitler was the leader for whom they had been looking?
7.How did Hitler and the Nazis take control in Germany?
8.What event marked the beginning of the Great Depression in the United States?
9.How did economic problems in the United States lead to problems in other countries?

Sorry I put the Lesson 2 questions before these
These were given out in class on Thursday

Study Questions Chapter 19 Lesson 1
Pages 565 - 571

1.How did nationalism create conflict in Europe at the end of the nineteenth century?
2.How do you think nationalism affected the different cultural groups in the Balkans before World War I?
3.Why did the European nations build up their military power?
4.How did the assassinations of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and he wife lead to war?
5.Why do you think World War I spread beyond Europe's borders?
6.What three world powers made up the Triple Entente?
7.What three world powers made up the Triple Alliance?
8.What new roles did women take on during World War I?
9.What role do women play in the United States military today?
10Which side lost more soldiers lost more soldiers, the Allied Powers or the Central Powers?
11.How did new technology add to the destruction during World War I?
12.Why do you think Wilson's Fourteen Points proposal was not accepted by the delegates to the peace conference?
13.What new countries were formed in Europe because of the Treaty?
14.How did the Treaty of Versailles punish Germany?
15.What were the two major alliances in Europe in the years leading up to World War I? What nations were in each?
16.How did the system of alliances among European nations lead to World War I?
17.How did nationalism create tensions in Europe in he early 1900's?
18.How have nationalist feelings affected recent international conflict?

Vocabulary Test on Thursday All Classes
Chapter 19 Lesson 1,2,3 Test on Friday
Newspaper project due on Friday Adv. only


The Russian Revolution

Czar - leader of Russia

Most czars treated Russian people harshly

Peter the Great
*ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725
*helped Russia become more modern
*built the grand city of St. Petersburg
*collected high taxes from everyone


Catherine the Great

*ruled Russia in 1762
*supported learning and the arts
*did little to improve the lives of the Russian people


Czar Nicholas II

*came to the throne in 1894
*wanted to keep things the way they were
*workers went on strike and Nicholas made the necessary changes
*forced to give up the throne on March 15, 1917

Why were the Russian people unhappy with their leaders?

*They were treated very harshly
*Czars held all wealth and authority while peasants and factory workers owned nothing


Communism - a system in which all property and all means of production, such as farms and factories, belong to the people as a group

Who controlled the power and money in Russia?

*The czar
*The nobles



Lenin

*Helped to found the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party
*He wanted an end to the democratic government
*His slogan was "Peace, Land, and Bread."
*Took control of the government in November 1917
*Formed the secret police called the Cheka
*Those opposed to Lenin formed the fighting force called the White Army
*The Bolsheviks and Lenin formed the Red Army
*By 1921 the Red Army had defeated the White Army
*The Bolsheviks executed Nicholas II and his family


What did the Bolsheviks promise the Russian people?

*Peace
*Land
*Bread


In 1922 Russia was renamed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
*When Lenin died in 1924, Joseph Stalin took over.
*Stalin ordered farmers to work on collectives and forced thousands of people to work in large factories
*All those who opposed Stalin were killed or put into prison or slave labor camps
*Under Stalin the Soviet Union became a world power, but the Soviet citizens had no rights
*Stalin placed all parts of the economy under government control

Purge - all those who opposed Stalin were killed or put into prison in Siberia

Totalitarian state - a state in which the government has complete control over people's lives

Even with all the changes, Soviet citizens had no more freedom or political power than earlier Russian citizens had under the czars

How did Stalin build a totalitarian state?

*Set up collectives
*Placed the economy under government control
*Imprisoned or killed opponents of his government



Chapter 19 Lesson 2
Study Questions

1.Why were the Russian people unhappy with their leaders?
2.Who controlled the power and the money in Russia?
3.How did Czar Nicholas II fall from power?
4.Why do you think Lenin's slogan "Peace, Land, and Bread" gained him many followers?
5.Do you think that Lenin's actions had a positive or a negative effect on the Russian people?
6.What did the Bolsheviks promise the Russian people?
7.Under whose rule did Russia grow most in size?
8.How did Stalin build a totalitarian state?
9.Who led the Bolsheviks to power?
10.In what ways were the government and the economy of Lenin and Stalin different from those of the czars? How were they similar?

Chapter 19
Lesson 1

World War I

How did nationalism create conflicts in Europe at the end of the nineteenth century?

* Caused countries to act at the expense of others
* Encouraged people to break away from the control of others


Preparing for War

Militarism - a strong interest in armed power

Conscription - the drafting of young men to serve in the armed forces for a set number of years

Arms race - competition to have the most weapons

European leaders began to form alliances, or agreements, with other nations.
These alliances included the promise to help one another against enemies in case of war.

Triple Alliance

* Austria-Hungary
* Germany
* Italy


Triple Entente

* France
* Russia
* Great Britain


Why did the European nations build up their military power?

* Many leaders believed they could get what they wanted through militarism


The World at War

On June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis Ferdinand and archduchess was assassinated in Sarajevo by a young Serbian nationalist.
The leaders of Austria-Hungary thought that the Serbian government had something to do with the assassination.

Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
Alliances quickly went into operation


* Austria-Hungary > Serbia


* Germany > Russia


* Germany > France


* Britain > Germany


* Japan > Germany



Allied Powers

* Britain
* France
* Russia

Central Powers

* Germany
* Austria-Hungary
* Allies

United States stayed neutral until 1917 when German submarines attacked United States ships that were trading with Germany's enemies.

On May 7, 1915 the Lusitania ocean liner was attacked by the Germans and sunk killing 1198 people ( 124 were Americans )

On April 2, 1917 President Wilson asked Congress to declare war to "bring peace and safety to all nations and make the world itself at last free."



How did the assassinations of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife lead to war?

Austria-Hungary thought the Serbs were responsible for the assassinations so it declared war on Serbia. The alliance system then sprang into action.

Why do you think World War I spread beyond Europe's borders?

Because of the system of alliances that was in place


What new roles did women take on during World War I?

At home, women kept their countries going by doing the jobs men had been doing
In their countries' armies and navies, they provided support services

What role do women play in the United States military today?

Women serve in active duty

War in an Industrial Age

8 million soldiers were killed and 20 million were wounded
The high numbers of injuries and deaths during the war resulted partly from new technology, machines guns, tanks and a poisonous spray called mustard gas

How did new technology add to the destruction during World War I?

* Countries how had deadly new weapons

Which side lost more soldiers, the Allied Powers or the Central Powers?

* The Allied lost more soldiers

The war was finally over on November 11, 1918.
* Delegates met in Versailles, France to decide on the terms of peace
* President Wilson proposed Fourteen Points Plan for peace
* Treaty of Versailles included some of Wilson's ideas
* Treaty treated Germany very harshly
* Delegates signed the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919

Armistice - an agreement to stop fighting

Why do you think Wilson's Fourteen Points proposal was not accepted by the delegates to the peace conference?

Many delegates believed that a lasting peace could be guaranteed only by punishing and disarming Germany

What new countries were formed in Europe because of the treaty?

Poland, Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

How did the Treaty of Versailles punish Germany?

* Germany had to take full responsibility for the war
* Pay for damages
* Reduce its weapons and the size of its army
* Give up territory

Make sure all study questions are complete Chapter 19 lesson 1 and 2.
If you did not finish your Fourteen Points Project, finish and turn it in on Monday.

Start now studing for your vocabulary on Chapter 19.
Vocabulary Test is scheduled for Tuesday.

Chapter 18 Test
Study Guide

1. What contributes to the rise of national feelings?
2. Study about Giuseppe Garibaldi?
3. Who united much of northern Italy? Southern Italy?
4. What brought about nationalism?
5. Why did European countries compete for control of lands in Africa?
6. Define imperialism
7. What was indirect rule?
8. Why did the British want to gain control of the Suez Canal?
9. What ended the Great Mutiny?
10. Who was the founder of Young Italy?
11. What was the main goal of Otto von Bismarck?
12. Who were the sepoys?
13. What country did David Livingstone explore?
14. How were British colonies in Africa ruled?
15. How were French and German colonies in africa ruled?
16. Why did the European countries build colonial empires?
17. How did the African leaders respond when European countries came to take control?
18. What countires does the Suez Canal connect?
19. The Suez Canal allows direct travel between what bodies of water?
20. Who was the conflict betwen in the Great Mutiny?
21. How didd the East India Company lose its authority in India?
22. What waws the only port city that the Chinese would allow the US to trade from?
23. What was the Opium War?
24. Who united Germany?

ATTENTION: TEST IS ON FRIDAY
ALL QUESTIONS AND NOTES
CLASS REVIEW WILL BE ON THURSDAY

Notes from Wednesday

Chapter 18 Lesson 2
Age of Imperialism


The Scramble for Africa

* Europeans had been increasing their contact with the Africans since the 1400's
* Contact had been on the coast and Europeans knew nothing about Africa's interior

David Livingstone
* famous explorer,Scottish doctor and missionary
* arrived in Africa in 1841
* spent more than 30 years exploring the African interior
* kept a journal of in which he described the land and people he met


Traders wanted timber, rubber, and other raw materials from Africa.

They also wanted Africans to buy their goods

During the 1870's many European governments conquered the lands where they did business and set up colonies to protect their trade

Imperialism- European countries began to compete with one another to add more lands to their colonial empires.

Africa was divided up between 14 European nations. Africa did not have any representation when the land was divided.

British colonies in Africa
* ruled by indirect rule
* African officials were allowed to run their own communities
* British officials handled important matter that affected the whole colony as a whole


French and German colonies

* governed by direct rule
* European officials handled all colonial affairs

European officials ran the economy of each colony
The Europeans built mines, factories, and plantations
Workers were treated like slaves

Cash crops- crops raised to sell rather than to use at home
Crops were exported to markets in Europe

Why did the European countries build colonial empires in Africa?
For raw materials to fuel the Industrial Revolution and for a new market for their goods

Why might Africans not have liked the direct rule system set up by the French and Germans?
Because it did not give them any say in government; because they could not participate in their own government

Why might Africans have been unhappy with the indirect rule system of the British?
Because British officials who handled matters affecting the colony as a whole had the power to overturn decisions made by African officials for their communities

How did the African leaders respond when European countries came to take control?
Some gave into the charges, but others fought to keep their lands and their ways of life



Why do you think European countries wanted colonies in different parts of Africa?

To get a variety of raw materials, to spread their power over a large area, to have markets and ports in different locations

Why do you think Muslims so fiercely opposed the European powers?
Because most Europeans were Christians, and Muslims in Africa feared that the Europeans would want to convert Africans to Christianity or might not allow them to practice the Islamic faith freely

What does the East African leader say that makes it clear that the East Africans are serious about keeping their lands?
They are ready for war, if necessary; they would rather die in a fight than become German subjects

Egypt and the Suez Canal

By 1900 Britain controlled African lands from the Mediterranean coast to the southern tip of the continent
One of the most important was Egypt



Suez Canal
* Dug by the French engineers
* Dug through the Isthmus of Suez
* Connects northeastern Africa to western Asia
* Allows direct travel between the Mediterranean and Red Seas
* Shortens the sea route from Europe to Asia by several months
* Britain bought up all the shares of the canal and took control in 1857

Why did European nations show interest in Egypt after the building of the Suez Canal?
The canal in Egypt shortened the sea route from Europe to Asia, saving months of travel

Sepoys- Indian soldiers led by British officers

East India Company
* Brought British government and British ways to the lands it controlled
* Made agreements with the Indian princes to protect their business
* Took India's raw materials for British industry
* Sell British industrial goods in India




Great Mutiny
* Many Indians became angry about the East India Company's rule
* 1857 anger flared into rebellion
* sepoys and Indian people mutinied against the company
* British soldiers were sent to India and the Great Mutiny ended


How did the East India Company gain authority in India? Queen Elizabeth I gave the company the authority to control trade, which it protected through treaties and war
How did it lose that authority? The Great Mutiny ended that control

China

* Trade brought the western countries to China
* Trade came the port city of Guangzhou
* Did not want to learn western ways
* East India company wanted to open up all ports, so they had to offer China, they offered opium
* Opium is a dangerous habit forming drug made from the poppy plant



Opium War

* Between Britain and China
* 1839 the Chinese tried to stop the drug trade
* destroyed the British supplies of opium stored at Guangzhou
* used the gunboats to defeat the Chinese
* signed a treaty in 1842 giving the British trading rights


How did foreign powers come to control much of China?

* Taking advantage of the Chinese desire for opium gave Britain a foothold in China and special trading rights
* Soon other nations wanted the same trading rights
* The open door policy allowed Westerners to keep control

Study Questions due on Wednesday

Chapter 18 Lesson 2 Study Questions
Pages 542 - 547
1. Why did the European countries build colonial empires in Africa?
2. Why might Africans not have liked the dire3ct rule system set up by the French and Germans?
3. Why might Africans have been unhappy with the indirect rule system of the British?
4. Why do you think Muslims so fiercely opposed the European powers?
5. Why does the East African leader say that makes it clear that the East Africans are serious about keeping their lands?
6. How did African leaders respond when European countries came to take control?
7. Why do you think European countries wanted colonies in different parts of Africa?
8. Why did European nations show interest in Egypt after the building of the Suez Canal?
9. Why might the East India Company have decided to use Indian soldiers in its army?
10. Do you think it is surprising that the sepoys turned against the company? Why or why not?
11. Which country claimed the Philippines? What resources did it find there?
12. How did the East India Company gain authority in India? How did it lose that authority?
13. How did foreign powers come to control much of China?
14. Why do some nations try to control the governments and economies of other nations?

Read Chapter 18 Lesson 1 Notes
Complete Chapter 18 Lesson 1 Study Questions
Complete Lesson 1 Review