"Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere."
-Chinese Proverb

Chapter 20 Lesson 1

Hitler's slogan- "One People, One Empire, One Leader"

Germany's government army and press was ruled by Nazi party

Germany joined forces with Italy and Japan to try to control the world.

Fascism - set of political ideas that valued strong government control, military strength, and intense nationalism

Benito Mussolini - forced the King of Italy to make him Prime minister

Mussolini banned all political parties except the Facist party

1935 - Italy conquered the African country of Ethiopia

1937 - Japanese military swept into the middle of China

1938 - Germans took control of Austria and parts of Czechoslovakia

appeasement - the policy of not opposing facism

1939 - Germans seized the rest of Czechoslovakia and attacked Poland

1939 - Britain and France declare war on Germany

What were some of the reasons for the start of war in 1939?

1)discontent with the Treaty of Verasilles
2)Unhappiness with how government handled economic problems


Worldwide Conflict

1940 - Germany had taken over Poland, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France

Hitler failed to take Britain in 1940

1941 - Hitler attacked the Soviet Union, even though he had a peace agreement with Stalin

Japan added to their Asian empire. Japan captured other areas of China, and much of Indo-China

Axis Powers - German, Italy and Japan

December 1941 Japan bombs the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii

1943 Italians surrendered in September 1943

What events in 1941 proved to be turning points in the war?

1)Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor
2)U.S. joined war effort
3)Germans faced a difficult fight in Russia

The War Ends

June 6, 1944 D -day, troops landed on the beaches of Normandy, France, with plans to push toward to Germany

May 7 1945 - Germans surrendered ending the war in Europe

August 6, 1945 - U.S. drops an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan

August 9, 1945 U.S. drops another atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan

Japan surrenders after the attacks on Nagasaki and Hiroshima

How did the Allies gain victory in Europe and in the Pacific during World War II?

1)Allies launched the D-Day attack on the shores of France which led to the defeat
2)The United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to defeat Japan

The Holocaust

Concentration camps - type of prison served as slave labor for German war effort

Auschwitz - a concentration camp where Nazi doctors used prisoners for strange and cruel medical experiments

Genocide - the killing of an entire group of people

The Germans' plan was to kill all the Jews in Europe
Jews were herded like cattle into boxcars and taken to special concentration camps

Holocaust - mass killing of Jewish people

6 million Jews had died in death camps and 6 million non-Jews were killed
What reason did the Germans have for killing Jews and other people?

To create a German super race


After the War

50 million soldiers and civilians died in the war

Refugees - people who leave their homes to seek shelter and safety else where

Conferences at Yalta and Potsdam

1)German guns taken away
2)Germany divided into four zones ( Britain, U.S. , France and Soviet Union would govern these zones

United Nations formed to replace the League of Nations and help prevent new wars

Please complete Chapter 20 Study Questions by Friday

Chapter 20 Study Questions

1.Which nation supplied more troops, Italy or China?
2.What were some of the reasons for the start of war in 1939?
3.Which events in 1941 proved to be turning points in the war? Why?
4.What other factors contributed to Germany's defeat?
5.How did the Allies gain victory in Europe and in the Pacific during World War II?
6.Between what lines of latitude and longitude did atomic bombing take place?
( use the map on page 590 )
7.What would future generations have lost if Anne Frank's diary had never been recovered?
8.Why do you think Soviet leaders wanted to keep communist governments in control of these countries?
9.What were the results of the Yalta and Potsdam conferences?
10.Which agency decides whether the UN will send peacekeeping troops to a war torn nation?
11.What were the three major Axis Powers?
12.How did the desires of some people to control others lead to a world war?
13.What factors led to the rise of fascism in Europe?
14.What arguments might people in the United States have made against getting into the war?

Chapter 19 Test Lesson 1,2,3
Study Guide Questions and Answers

1.List the countries in the Triple Alliance Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy

2.List the countries in the Triple Entente France, Russia, Great Britain

3.What are alliances? An agreement to cooperate

4.What event started World War I? Who? What? Why? The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife, Austria thought the Serbian government had something to do with the assassination and declared war on Serbia

5.Who did Austria-Hungary declare war on? Serbia

6.What other countries declared war on each other? Germany declared war on Russian, Germany declared war on France, Britain declared war on Germay, Japan declared war on Germany

7.What happened on May 7, 1915? The Lusitania ocean liner was attacked by the Germans and sunk

8.Who was the president that asked Congress to declare war on April 2, 1917? President Wilson

9.How many soldiers were wounded and killed in World War I? 8 million killed and 20 million wounded

10.Why were there so many injuries and deaths during World War I? resulted from new technology such as machines guns, tanks and a poisonous spray called mustard gas

11.Which side lost more soldiers, the Allied Powers or the Central Powers? Which country lost more soldiers? Allied Powers, Russia

12.What happened on June 28, 1919? Delegates signed the Treaty of Versailles officially ending the war

13.How did the Treaty of Versailles punish Germany? 1) had to take full responsibility for the war, pay for damages, reduce its weapons and the size of its army, give up territory

14.What is a czar? Leader of Russia

15.Who ruled Russia in 1762? Catherine the Great

16.Who built the grand city of St. Petersburg? With what means (money) was the city built? Peter the Great, collected high taxes from everyone

17.Who was forced to give up his throne in March 15, 1917? Why? Czar Nicholas II wanted to keep things the same way and he had treated the people harshly for so many years

18.Who controlled the power and the money in Russia? Czars, and the nobles

19.Who founded the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party? Lenin

20.What was Lenin's slogan? "Peace, Land, and Bread"

21.What was the secret Police called during Lenin's rule? Cheka

22.Who was the White Army? Who was the Red Army? White Army - those opposed to Lenin formed this fighting force, Red Army - the Bolsheviks and Lenin formed this army

23.Who took over after Lenin? Joseph Stalin

24.What happened to the people that opposed Lenin or Stalin? Were killed or put into prison or slave labor camps

25.How did Stalin build a totalitarian state? Set up collectives, placed the economy under government control, Imprisoned or killed opponents of his government

26.Place the following events in order:
a.Production stays high, but demand falls 2
b.Americans buy huge amounts of goods 1
c.Businesses fail, and people lose jobs 5
d.Stock prices crash 4
e.The Great Depression begins 6
f.People buy stocks on credit 3

27.Which areas of the world were most affected by the Great Depression? United States, Europe, Asia, Africa, South America

28.What was the New Deal? Provided money to allow farmers to keep their land, help people who were out of work, created millions of jobs by paying for many public works, created the Social Security Act of 1935

29.What President proposed the New Deal? President Roosevelt

30.Who took over Germany after World War I? Adolf Hitler

31.What political party was formed by Adolf Hitler? National Socialist or Nazi party

32.Who did Hitler blame all of Germany's political and economic troubles on? The Jewish people

33.How did Hitler and the Nazis take control in Germany? Hitler convinced the Germans they were a superrace, promised to rebuild Germany's economy, and banned other political parties

Chapter 19 Test is on Wednesday
Review this guide for the test

Chapter 19 Test Lesson 1,2,3
Study Guide

1.List the countries in the Triple Alliance
2.List the countries in the Triple Entente
3.What are alliances?
4.What event started World War I? Who? What? Why?
5.Who did Austria-Hungary declare war on?
6.What other countries declared war on each other?
7.What happened on May 7, 1915?
8.Who was the president that asked Congress to declare war on April 2, 1917?
9.How many soldiers were wounded and killed in World War I?
10. Why were there so many injuries and deaths during World War I?
11.Which side lost more soldiers, the Allied Powers or the Central Powers? Which country lost more soldiers?
12.What happened on June 28, 1919?
13.How did the Treaty of Versailles punish Germany?
14.What is a czar?
15.Who ruled Russia in 1762?
16.Who built the grand city of St. Petersburg? With what means (money) was the city built?
17.Who was forced to give up his throne in March 15, 1917? Why?
18.Who controlled the power and the money in Russia?
19.Who founded the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party?
20.What was Lenin's slogan?
21.What was the secret Police called during Lenin's rule?
22.Who was the White Army? Who was the Red Army?
23.Who took over after Lenin?
24.What happened to the people that opposed Lenin or Stalin?
25.How did Stalin build a totalitarian state?
26.Place the following events in order:
a.Production stays high, but demand falls
b.Americans buy huge amounts of goods
c.Businesses fail, and people lose jobs
d.Stock prices crash
e.The Great Depression begins
f.People buy stocks on credit

27.Which areas of the world were most affected by the Great Depression?
28.What was the New Deal?
29.What President proposed the New Deal?
30.Who took over Germany after World War I?
31.What political party was formed by Adolf Hitler?
32.Who did Hitler blame all of Germany's political and economic troubles on?
33.How did Hitler and the Nazis take control in Germany?

Chapter 19 Test Lesson 1,2,3 has been pushed back to Wednesday, February 18. We will review all lessons on Friday and get a Review sheet on Friday also.

Vocabulary Test Thursday
Chapter 19 Test Lesson 1,2,3 is on Friday


Vocabulary Test
Study Guide

1.militarism - strong interest in armed power
2.conscription - the drafting of young men to serve in the armed forces for a set number of years
3.arms race - competition to have the most weapons
4.armistice - agreement to stop fighting
5.autocrats - leaders with unlimited authority
6.czar - ruler or leader of Russia
7.Communism - a system in which all property and all means of production belong to the people as a group
8.soviet- workers' groups that planned and carried out the revolution
9.collectives - a large farm on which people work together as a group
10.purges- those who opposed Stalin were killed or put into prison
11.totalitarian - a state in which the government has complete control over people's lives.
12.Great Depression - in the 1930's, the United States began the worst economic decline in the world's history
13.inflation - a continuing increase in prices
14.Propaganda - the spreading of information or rumors to help or hurt a cause
15.Nationalism - sense of extreme pride or loyalty to a nation
16.Allied Powers - France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, United States
17.Central Powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy before WWI
18.Treaty of Versailles - Agreement ending WWI
19.Alliances - countries siding with other countries for military strength
20.April 1917 - The date that the United States enters WWI


Chapter 19
Lesson 3

The Great Depression

A Depression in the Making

*After World War I the U.S. Economy expanded and factories increased production
*However, demand for products fell, and there were too many unsold goods on the shelves
*American started buying stocks but when they wanted to sell there was not enough buyers
*October 1929, the stock prices crashed, starting the Great Depression

What economic problems were hidden by the prosperity of the 1920's?

*Supplies of goods greater than demand
*High taxes on imports to U.S. stopped people from buying
*People lost money in the stock market
*Unemployment grew

To help in understanding the sequence of events that led to the stock market crash of October 1929, place the following events in proper sequence:

*Production stays high, but demand falls
*Americans buy huge amounts of goods
*Businesses fail, and people lose jobs
*Stock prices crash
*The Great Depression begins
*People buy stocks on credit

How did the Great Depression affect the world economy?

*Economies around the world suffered

Which areas of the world were most affected by the Great Depression?
*The United States
*Europe
*Asia
*Africa
*South America



Roosevelt and the New Deal


Roosevelt's new idea
*Proposed new laws and programs to help people quickly
*Urged Congress to pass laws to reform the economic system
*Called the new laws the New Deal

New Deal

*Provided money to allow farmers to keep their land
*Help people who were out of work
*Created millions of new jobs by paying for many public works
*Created the Social Security Act of 1935
1.gave money to people who were:
a.retired
b.disabled
c.unable to work for other reasons

The New Deal still affects out lives today. The New Deal was the beginning of the Social Security system and that many of today's roads, bridges, and schools were built by the Work Projects Administration, a federal relief job program.

What steps did President Roosevelt take to bring the United States out of the Great Depression?
*Gave money go farmers and people out of work
*Provided jobs in public works
*Started the Social Security system

In what year did the United States face the highest unemployment?

*1933

Hitler and the rise of the Nazis

After World War I, Germany became a federal republic
They wanted a strong leader who would make Germany powerful again
Some thought that leader was Adolf Hitler









Adolf Hitler

*fought in World War I
*1920 helped form a highly nationalistic anticommunist group called the National Socialist or Nazi party.
*His idea that the Germans were a "superrace", a group of people better than all others
*Promised to rebuild Germany's economy
*Forced German president to make him chancellor
*Forced the Reichstag to give him control of the government
*Took the title of fuhrer
*Banned all political parties except the Nazi party
*Put an end to elections
*Formed a strong secret police called the Gestapo
*Rebuilt Germany's army
*Hitler said that the cause of Germany's political and economic troubles were the fault of the Jewish people

How did Hitler and the Nazis take control in Germany?

*Hitler convinced the Germans they were a superrace, promised to rebuild Germany's economy, and banned other political parties

Chapter 19 Lesson 3
Study Questions

1.What economic problems were hidden by the prosperity of the 1920's?
2.How did the Great Depression affect the world economy?
3.Which areas of the world were most affected by the Great Depression?
4.What steps did President Roosevelt take to bring the United States out of the Great Depression?
5.In what year did the United States face the highest unemployment?
6.Why did some Germans think Hitler was the leader for whom they had been looking?
7.How did Hitler and the Nazis take control in Germany?
8.What event marked the beginning of the Great Depression in the United States?
9.How did economic problems in the United States lead to problems in other countries?

Sorry I put the Lesson 2 questions before these
These were given out in class on Thursday

Study Questions Chapter 19 Lesson 1
Pages 565 - 571

1.How did nationalism create conflict in Europe at the end of the nineteenth century?
2.How do you think nationalism affected the different cultural groups in the Balkans before World War I?
3.Why did the European nations build up their military power?
4.How did the assassinations of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and he wife lead to war?
5.Why do you think World War I spread beyond Europe's borders?
6.What three world powers made up the Triple Entente?
7.What three world powers made up the Triple Alliance?
8.What new roles did women take on during World War I?
9.What role do women play in the United States military today?
10Which side lost more soldiers lost more soldiers, the Allied Powers or the Central Powers?
11.How did new technology add to the destruction during World War I?
12.Why do you think Wilson's Fourteen Points proposal was not accepted by the delegates to the peace conference?
13.What new countries were formed in Europe because of the Treaty?
14.How did the Treaty of Versailles punish Germany?
15.What were the two major alliances in Europe in the years leading up to World War I? What nations were in each?
16.How did the system of alliances among European nations lead to World War I?
17.How did nationalism create tensions in Europe in he early 1900's?
18.How have nationalist feelings affected recent international conflict?

Vocabulary Test on Thursday All Classes
Chapter 19 Lesson 1,2,3 Test on Friday
Newspaper project due on Friday Adv. only


The Russian Revolution

Czar - leader of Russia

Most czars treated Russian people harshly

Peter the Great
*ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725
*helped Russia become more modern
*built the grand city of St. Petersburg
*collected high taxes from everyone


Catherine the Great

*ruled Russia in 1762
*supported learning and the arts
*did little to improve the lives of the Russian people


Czar Nicholas II

*came to the throne in 1894
*wanted to keep things the way they were
*workers went on strike and Nicholas made the necessary changes
*forced to give up the throne on March 15, 1917

Why were the Russian people unhappy with their leaders?

*They were treated very harshly
*Czars held all wealth and authority while peasants and factory workers owned nothing


Communism - a system in which all property and all means of production, such as farms and factories, belong to the people as a group

Who controlled the power and money in Russia?

*The czar
*The nobles



Lenin

*Helped to found the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party
*He wanted an end to the democratic government
*His slogan was "Peace, Land, and Bread."
*Took control of the government in November 1917
*Formed the secret police called the Cheka
*Those opposed to Lenin formed the fighting force called the White Army
*The Bolsheviks and Lenin formed the Red Army
*By 1921 the Red Army had defeated the White Army
*The Bolsheviks executed Nicholas II and his family


What did the Bolsheviks promise the Russian people?

*Peace
*Land
*Bread


In 1922 Russia was renamed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
*When Lenin died in 1924, Joseph Stalin took over.
*Stalin ordered farmers to work on collectives and forced thousands of people to work in large factories
*All those who opposed Stalin were killed or put into prison or slave labor camps
*Under Stalin the Soviet Union became a world power, but the Soviet citizens had no rights
*Stalin placed all parts of the economy under government control

Purge - all those who opposed Stalin were killed or put into prison in Siberia

Totalitarian state - a state in which the government has complete control over people's lives

Even with all the changes, Soviet citizens had no more freedom or political power than earlier Russian citizens had under the czars

How did Stalin build a totalitarian state?

*Set up collectives
*Placed the economy under government control
*Imprisoned or killed opponents of his government



Chapter 19 Lesson 2
Study Questions

1.Why were the Russian people unhappy with their leaders?
2.Who controlled the power and the money in Russia?
3.How did Czar Nicholas II fall from power?
4.Why do you think Lenin's slogan "Peace, Land, and Bread" gained him many followers?
5.Do you think that Lenin's actions had a positive or a negative effect on the Russian people?
6.What did the Bolsheviks promise the Russian people?
7.Under whose rule did Russia grow most in size?
8.How did Stalin build a totalitarian state?
9.Who led the Bolsheviks to power?
10.In what ways were the government and the economy of Lenin and Stalin different from those of the czars? How were they similar?

Chapter 19
Lesson 1

World War I

How did nationalism create conflicts in Europe at the end of the nineteenth century?

* Caused countries to act at the expense of others
* Encouraged people to break away from the control of others


Preparing for War

Militarism - a strong interest in armed power

Conscription - the drafting of young men to serve in the armed forces for a set number of years

Arms race - competition to have the most weapons

European leaders began to form alliances, or agreements, with other nations.
These alliances included the promise to help one another against enemies in case of war.

Triple Alliance

* Austria-Hungary
* Germany
* Italy


Triple Entente

* France
* Russia
* Great Britain


Why did the European nations build up their military power?

* Many leaders believed they could get what they wanted through militarism


The World at War

On June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis Ferdinand and archduchess was assassinated in Sarajevo by a young Serbian nationalist.
The leaders of Austria-Hungary thought that the Serbian government had something to do with the assassination.

Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
Alliances quickly went into operation


* Austria-Hungary > Serbia


* Germany > Russia


* Germany > France


* Britain > Germany


* Japan > Germany



Allied Powers

* Britain
* France
* Russia

Central Powers

* Germany
* Austria-Hungary
* Allies

United States stayed neutral until 1917 when German submarines attacked United States ships that were trading with Germany's enemies.

On May 7, 1915 the Lusitania ocean liner was attacked by the Germans and sunk killing 1198 people ( 124 were Americans )

On April 2, 1917 President Wilson asked Congress to declare war to "bring peace and safety to all nations and make the world itself at last free."



How did the assassinations of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife lead to war?

Austria-Hungary thought the Serbs were responsible for the assassinations so it declared war on Serbia. The alliance system then sprang into action.

Why do you think World War I spread beyond Europe's borders?

Because of the system of alliances that was in place


What new roles did women take on during World War I?

At home, women kept their countries going by doing the jobs men had been doing
In their countries' armies and navies, they provided support services

What role do women play in the United States military today?

Women serve in active duty

War in an Industrial Age

8 million soldiers were killed and 20 million were wounded
The high numbers of injuries and deaths during the war resulted partly from new technology, machines guns, tanks and a poisonous spray called mustard gas

How did new technology add to the destruction during World War I?

* Countries how had deadly new weapons

Which side lost more soldiers, the Allied Powers or the Central Powers?

* The Allied lost more soldiers

The war was finally over on November 11, 1918.
* Delegates met in Versailles, France to decide on the terms of peace
* President Wilson proposed Fourteen Points Plan for peace
* Treaty of Versailles included some of Wilson's ideas
* Treaty treated Germany very harshly
* Delegates signed the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919

Armistice - an agreement to stop fighting

Why do you think Wilson's Fourteen Points proposal was not accepted by the delegates to the peace conference?

Many delegates believed that a lasting peace could be guaranteed only by punishing and disarming Germany

What new countries were formed in Europe because of the treaty?

Poland, Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

How did the Treaty of Versailles punish Germany?

* Germany had to take full responsibility for the war
* Pay for damages
* Reduce its weapons and the size of its army
* Give up territory